Differential modulation of parietal cortex activity by respiration and θ oscillations

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 127(3), P. 801 - 817

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

The simultaneous, local integration of information from widespread brain regions is an essential feature cortical computation and particularly relevant for multimodal association areas such as the posterior parietal cortex. Slow, rhythmic fluctuations in field potentials (LFPs) are assumed to constitute a global signal aiding interregional communication through long-range synchronization neuronal activity. Recent work demonstrated brain-wide presence novel class slow oscillations that entrained by nasal respiration. However, whether there differences influence respiration-entrained rhythm (RR) endogenous theta (θ) over networks unknown. In this work, we aimed at characterizing impact both classes on activity cortex mice. We focused our investigations θ-dominated state (rapid eye movement sleep) RR-dominated (wake immobility). Using linear silicon probes implanted along dorsoventral axis, found LFP-depth distributions rhythms show amplitude coherence but no phase shift. tetrode recordings, demonstrate substantial fraction neurons modulated either RR or θ even simultaneously. Interestingly, depth dependence spike-field coupling differ these oscillations. further intracellular recordings urethane-anesthetized mice synaptic inhibition likely play role generating respiration-entrainment membrane potential level. conclude respiration differentially affect cortex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nasal generates entrains large portions mammalian into respiration-coupled potentials. Here, report simultaneous respiratory Despite their overlapping frequencies, state-dependent power entrain discharge behavior units. network synchronized two different physiological oscillation patterns.

Language: Английский

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The role of medullary astrocytes in breathing and arousal: insights into glial regulation of respiratory function

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Astrocytes play vital roles in regulating brain states across organisms. Specifically, they serve several breathing behaviors and associated states, including facilitating transitions between phases of by sensing small changes O₂ CO₂ levels, the sleep-wake cycle, impacting arousal wakefulness. Here, we tested hypothesis that astrocytes ventral respiratory column (VRC) are important for sigh generation alert mice (Aldh1l1 Cre ). Using calcium imaging show some Aldh1l1 cells phase-locked with activated VRC hypoxia. Optogenetic activation (AAV-CAG-ChR2-EYFP) increased probability evoking sighs while awake during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Depletion an AAV-CAG-Caspase3 virus (ablation 77%) does not impact any state under control conditions. However following depletion astrocytes, is significantly delayed response to hypoxia (65.3 ± 5.5 vs. control: 21.7 1.9 seconds). We conclude medullary a critical role particularly

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation of central pattern generators and its role in the functional recovery of central pattern generator activity

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 122(1), P. 300 - 315

Published: May 8, 2019

Neuromodulators play an important role in how the nervous system organizes activity that results behavior. Disruption of normal patterns neuromodulatory release or production is known to be related onset severe pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease, Rett syndrome, Alzheimer’s and affective disorders. Some these involve neuronal structures are called central pattern generators (CPGs), which involved rhythmic activities throughout system. Here I discuss interplay between CPGs activity, with particular emphasis on potential neuromodulators recovery disrupted activity. refer invertebrate vertebrate model systems some lessons we have learned from research propose a few avenues for future research. make one suggestion may guide field: restrict parameter landscape CPG components operate, removal enable perturbed finding new set values can allow it regain function.

Language: Английский

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Biophysical mechanisms in the mammalian respiratory oscillator re-examined with a new data-driven computational model

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 25, 2019

An autorhythmic population of excitatory neurons in the brainstem pre-Bötzinger complex is a critical component mammalian respiratory oscillator. Two intrinsic neuronal biophysical mechanisms—a persistent sodium current (INaP) and calcium-activated non-selective cationic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">ICAN)—were proposed to individually or combination generate cellular- circuit-level oscillations, but their roles are debated without resolution. We re-examined these model synaptically connected with ICAN xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">INaP. This robustly reproduces experimental data showing that rhythm generation can be independent activation, which determines activity amplitude. occurs when primarily activated by calcium fluxes driven synaptic mechanisms. Rhythm depends critically on xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">INaP subpopulation forming rhythmogenic kernel. The explains how amplitude oscillations involve distinct

Language: Английский

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Distinct pathways to the parafacial respiratory group to trigger active expiration in adult rats

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 317(3), P. L402 - L413

Published: June 26, 2019

Active expiration (AE) is part of the breathing phase; it conditional and occurs when we increase our metabolic demand, such as during hypercapnia, hypoxia, or exercise. The parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) involved in AE. Data from literature suggest that excitatory absence inhibitory inputs to pFRG are necessary determine However, source trigger AE remains unclear. We show adult urethane-anesthetized Wistar rats pharmacological inhibition medial aspect nucleus solitary tract (mNTS) rostral pedunculopontine tegmental (rPPTg) able generate In addition, direct projection mNTS indirect cholinergic rPPTg contact under conditions high hypercapnia (9–10% CO 2 ), did not affect present results for first time sources a pathway rPPTg, involving M2/M4 muscarinic receptors, could be important modulate sustain

Language: Английский

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