How Can Hearing Loss Cause Dementia?

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 108(3), P. 401 - 412

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Epidemiological studies identify midlife hearing loss as an independent risk factor for dementia, estimated to account 9% of cases. We evaluate candidate brain bases this relationship. These include a common pathology affecting the ascending auditory pathway and multimodal cortex, depletion cognitive reserve due impoverished listening environment, occupation resources when in difficult conditions. also put forward alternate mechanism, drawing on new insights into role medial temporal lobe cognition. In particular, we consider how aberrant activity service pattern analysis, working memory, object processing may interact with dementia people loss. highlight effect interventions depends specific mechanism suggest avenues work at molecular, neuronal, systems levels pin down.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of general intelligence

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 40

Published: July 28, 2016

The presence of general intelligence poses a major evolutionary puzzle, which has led to increased interest in its nonhuman animals. aim this review is critically evaluate question and explore the implications for current theories about evolution cognition. We first domain-general domain-specific accounts human cognition order situate attempts identify Recent studies are consistent with mammals (rodents primates). However, interpretation psychometric g factor as needs be validated, particular primates, we propose range such tests. then animals find support cultural approach, stresses critical importance social inputs during ontogenetic construction survival-relevant skills. nonhumans implies that modular abilities can arise two ways, primarily through automatic development fixed content secondarily learning automatization more variable content. currently best-supported model, humans vertebrates alike, thus construes mind mix skills based on primary secondary modules. relative these components expected vary widely among species, formulate tests quantify their strength.

Language: Английский

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The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Co-norming and standardization in China

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 169(1-3), P. 109 - 115

Published: Oct. 7, 2015

Language: Английский

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Neuronal plasticity and neurotrophic factors in drug responses

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 1085 - 1095

Published: April 11, 2017

Neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other members of the neurotrophin family, are central mediators activity-dependent plasticity through which environmental experiences, such as sensory information translated into structure function neuronal networks. Synthesis, release action BDNF is regulated by activity in turn leads to trophic effects formation, stabilization potentiation synapses its high-affinity TrkB receptors. Several clinically available drugs activate signaling plasticity. In particular, antidepressant rapidly gradually increase expression, behavioral antidepressants mediated dependent on at least rodents. These findings indicate that antidepressants, widely used drugs, effectively act activators. They further imply a mechanism drugs. Indeed, it was recently discovered reactivate state adult cerebral cortex closely resembles enhanced normally observed during postnatal critical periods. This induced plasticity, known iPlasticity, allows stimuli beneficially reorganize networks abnormally wired early life. iPlasticity has been cortical well subcortical several pharmacological non-pharmacological treatments. new principle where drug treatment rehabilitation cooperate; acts permissively enhance provides guide appropriate wiring plastic network. Optimization iPlastic with novel means may help improve efficacy treatments expand use currently existing indications.

Language: Английский

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Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social‐relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 56(11), P. 1202 - 1211

Published: March 11, 2015

Background Preterm infants are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes. Family Nurture Intervention (FNI) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is designed to counteract effects of separation mothers their preterm infants. Here, we evaluate FNI on neurobehavioral Methods Data were collected 18 months corrected age from Infants assigned birth or standard care (SC). Bayley Scales Infant Development III (Bayley‐III) assessed 76 (SC, n = 31; FNI, 45); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 57 26); Modified Autism Toddlers (M‐CHAT) was obtained 59 33; 26). Results significantly improved Bayley‐III cognitive ( p .039) language .008) scores whose greater than 85. had fewer attention problems CBCL < .02). total M‐CHAT Seventy‐six percent SC failed least one items, compared 27% .001). In addition, 36% versus 0% social‐relatedness item Conclusions first NICU intervention show significant improvements across multiple domains neurodevelopment, social‐relatedness, problems. These gains suggest that an facilitates emotional interactions between may be key altering developmental trajectories

Language: Английский

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Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 114 - 128

Published: Dec. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Brain Neuroplasticity Leveraging Virtual Reality and Brain–Computer Interface Technologies

Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 5725 - 5725

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

This study explores neuroplasticity through the use of virtual reality (VR) and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). Neuroplasticity is brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response learning, experience, injury. VR offers a controlled environment manipulate sensory inputs, while BCIs facilitate real-time monitoring modulation activity. By combining BCI, researchers can stimulate specific brain regions, trigger neurochemical changes, influence cognitive functions such as memory, perception, motor skills. Key findings indicate that BCI interventions are promising for rehabilitation therapies, treatment phobias anxiety disorders, enhancement. Personalized experiences, adapted based on feedback, enhance efficacy these interventions. underscores potential integrating technologies understand harness therapeutic applications. The utilized PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) method conduct comprehensive systematic review existing literature neuroplasticity, VR, BCI. involved identifying relevant studies database searches, screening eligibility, assessing quality included studies. Data extraction focused effects functions. ensured rigorous transparent approach synthesizing evidence, allowing draw robust conclusions about promoting

Language: Английский

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Modulation of GABAergic transmission in development and neurodevelopmental disorders: investigating physiology and pathology to gain therapeutic perspectives

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 22, 2014

During mammalian ontogenesis, the neurotransmitter GABA is a fundamental regulator of neuronal networks. In development, GABAergic signaling regulates neural proliferation, migration, differentiation, and neuronal-network wiring. adult, orchestrates activity different cell-types largely interconnected, by powerfully modulating synaptic activity. exerts these functions binding to chloride-permeable ionotropic GABAA receptors metabotropic GABAB receptors. According its functional importance during implicated in number neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, Fragile X, Rett syndrome, Down schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome neurofibromatosis.The strength polarity transmission continuously modulated physiological, but also pathological conditions. For through receptors, regulation achieved mechanisms modulation themselves, variation intracellular chloride concentration, alteration metabolism. never-ending effort find possible treatments for GABA-related neurological diseases, great would be safe possibly physiological way, without dangers either silencing network or causing epileptic seizures. this review, we will discuss ways modulate normally at work both Our aim highlight new research perspectives therapeutic that reinstate natural brain neuro-pathological

Language: Английский

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Early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders: underlying neural mechanisms

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 58(S4), P. 61 - 66

Published: March 1, 2016

Neurodevelopmental disorders affect motor, cognitive, language, learning, and behavioural development with lifelong consequences. Early identification of infants at risk for neurodevelopmental is a major prerequisite intervention programmes. This ensures that interventions which aim to positively modify the natural history these can start in first weeks or months life. As indicated by recent scientific evidence, gene abnormalities congenital brain lesions are not sole determinants outcome affected infants. In fact, environment experience may improve disorders. this review, we analyse complexity sensitivity environmental stimuli, highlighting clinical effects early intervention, mainly reported so far preterm infants, summarizing enriched on human animal models. Finally, discuss some new approaches based neurophysiological theories breakthroughs biotechnologies diagnosis rehabilitation.

Language: Английский

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Randomized trial on the effects of a combined physical/cognitive training in aged MCI subjects: the Train the Brain study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2017

Abstract Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia are an increasing societal burden. Epidemiological studies indicate that lifestyle factors, e.g. physical, social activities, correlate with reduced risk; moreover, positive effects on cognition of physical/cognitive training have been found in cognitively unimpaired elders. Less is known about effectiveness action mechanisms elders already suffering from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a population at high risk for dementia. We assessed 113 MCI subjects aged 65–89 years, the efficacy combined physical-cognitive decline, Gray Matter (GM) volume loss Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) hippocampus parahippocampal areas, brain-blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activity elicited by task, measured ADAS-Cog scale, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) fMRI, respectively, before after 7 months vs. usual life. status significantly decreased MCI-no increased MCI-training subjects; CBF, but no effect GM was evident; BOLD increase, indicative neural efficiency only subjects. These results show non pharmacological, multicomponent intervention improves indicators brain health

Language: Английский

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