Mammalian G Proteins and Their Cell Type Specific Functions

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 85(4), P. 1159 - 1204

Published: Sept. 23, 2005

Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple subforms together with receptors, effectors, various regulatory represent the components highly versatile signal transduction system. protein-mediated is employed virtually all cells mammalian organism centrally involved diverse physiological functions such as perception sensory information, modulation synaptic transmission, hormone release actions, regulation cell contraction migration, or growth differentiation. In this review, some heterotrimeric defined tissues described.

Language: Английский

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Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 724 - 763

Published: Dec. 1, 2001

Dopamine is a small and relatively simple molecule that fulfills diverse functions. Within the brain, it acts as classical neurotransmitter whose attenuation or overactivity can result in disorders such Parkinson's disease schizophrenia. Major advances cloning characterization of biosynthetic enzymes, transporters, receptors have increased our knowledge regarding metabolism, release, reuptake, mechanism action dopamine. reaches pituitary via hypophysial portal blood from several hypothalamic nerve tracts are regulated by PRL itself, estrogens, neuropeptides neurotransmitters. binds to type-2 dopamine functionally linked membrane channels G proteins suppresses high intrinsic secretory activity lactotrophs. In addition inhibiting release controlling calcium fluxes, activates interacting intracellular signaling pathways gene expression lactotroph proliferation. Thus, homeostasis should be viewed context fine balance between an inhibitor many hypothalamic, systemic, local factors acting stimulators, none which has yet emerged primary releasing factor. The generation transgenic animals with overexpressed mutated genes expanded understanding dopamine-PRL interactions physiological consequences their perturbations. humans, differs respects laboratory animals, affected drugs used clinical practice. Hyperprolactinemia major neuroendocrine-related cause reproductive disturbances both men women. treatment hyperprolactinemia greatly benefited progressively more effective selective dopaminergic drugs.

Language: Английский

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The circadian visual system, 2005

Brain Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 1 - 60

Published: Dec. 6, 2005

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy-Stimulated Neurogenesis in the Adult Female Forebrain Mediated by Prolactin

Science, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 299(5603), P. 117 - 120

Published: Jan. 2, 2003

Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of adult brain throughout life, both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that production neuronal progenitors stimulated forebrain subventricular zone female mice during pregnancy this effect mediated by hormone prolactin. The then migrate to produce new interneurons, a process likely be important for maternal behavior, because discrimination critical recognition rearing offspring. even females mate with sterile males. These findings imply neurogenesis may contribute adaptive behaviors mating pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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House Dust Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Relation to Hormone Levels and Semen Quality Parameters

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 118(3), P. 318 - 323

Published: Nov. 13, 2009

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl (TPP), are commonly used additive flame retardants plasticizers in a wide range of materials. Although widespread human exposure to OP is likely, there lack animal data on potential health effects.We explored relationships TDCPP TPP concentrations house dust with hormone levels semen quality parameters.We analyzed from 50 men recruited through U.S. infertility clinic for TPP. Relationships reproductive thyroid levels, well parameters, were assessed using crude multivariable linear regression.TDCPP detected 96% 98% samples, respectively, widely varying up 1.8 mg/g. In models adjusted age body mass index, an interquartile (IQR) increase was associated 3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5% 1%) decline free thyroxine 17% (95% CI, 432%) prolactin. There suggestive inverse association between androgen index that became less evident models. the models, IQR 10% 219%) prolactin 19% 30% 5%) decrease sperm concentration.OP may be altered decreased men. More research sources outcomes needed.

Language: Английский

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Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia

Drugs, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 64(20), P. 2291 - 2314

Published: Jan. 1, 2004

Language: Английский

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Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion.

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 49 - 66

Published: Jan. 1, 2002

Language: Английский

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Stress hormones and immune function

Cellular Immunology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 252(1-2), P. 16 - 26

Published: Jan. 1, 2008

Language: Английский

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Seasonal changes in vertebrate immune activity: mediation by physiological trade-offs

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 363(1490), P. 321 - 339

Published: July 18, 2007

Animals living in temporally dynamic environments experience variation resource availability, climate and threat of infection over the course year. Thus, to survive reproduce successfully, these organisms must allocate resources among competing physiological systems such a way as maximize fitness changing environments. Here, we review evidence supporting hypothesis that trade-offs, particularly those between reproductive immune systems, mediate part seasonal changes detected defences many vertebrates. Abundant recent work has significant energetic nutritional costs defence. Sometimes are sufficiently large affect (e.g. output, growth or survival), indicating selection for appropriate allocation strategies probably occurred past. Because hormones often orchestrate allocations endocrine mediators activity discussed. Many hormones, including melatonin, glucocorticoids androgens have extensive consistent effects on system, they change systematic fashions Finally, modified framework within which conduct future studies ecological immunology is proposed, viz. heightened appreciation complex but intelligible nature vertebrate system. Although other factors besides trade-offs undoubtedly influence defence animals, growing literature supports role consequences sometimes produce.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Prolactin in Mammary Carcinoma

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 1 - 27

Published: Feb. 1, 2003

The contribution of prolactin (PRL) to the pathogenesis and progression human breast cancer at cellular, transgenic, epidemiological levels is increasingly appreciated. Acting endocrine autocrine/paracrine levels, PRL functions stimulate growth motility cells. actions this ligand are mediated by least six recognized receptor isoforms found on, or secreted by, epithelium. PRL/PRL complex associates with activates several signaling networks that shared other members cytokine superfamily. Coupled recently identified intranuclear function PRL, these integrated into in vitro vivo induced ligand. These findings indicate antagonists interaction receptor-associated signal transduction may be considerable utility treatment cancer.

Language: Английский

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