Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Molecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1583 - 1583

Published: April 22, 2019

Oxidative stress is proposed as a regulatory element in ageing and various neurological disorders. The excess of oxidants causes reduction antioxidants, which turn produce an oxidation–reduction imbalance organisms. Paucity the antioxidant system generates oxidative-stress, characterized by elevated levels reactive species (oxygen, hydroxyl free radical, so on). Mitochondria play key role ATP supply to cells via oxidative phosphorylation, well synthesis essential biological molecules. Various redox reactions catalyzed enzymes take place phosphorylation process. An inefficient may generate oxygen (ROS), leading mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial metabolism, phospholipid proteolytic pathways are found be major potential source radicals. A lower concentration ROS for normal cellular signaling, whereas higher long-time exposure cause damage macromolecules such DNA, lipids proteins, ultimately resulting necrosis apoptotic cell death. Normal proper functioning central nervous (CNS) entirely dependent on chemical integrity brain. It established that brain consumes large amount highly rich lipid content, becoming prone stress. high consumption leads excessive production ROS. Apart from this, neuronal membranes polyunsaturated fatty acids, susceptible neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), Huntington’s (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, can result biochemical alteration (due stress) bimolecular components. There need understand processes diseases. This review effort towards improving our understanding pivotal played OS

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 16, 2018

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older positively linked to cognitive biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, decline. Oxidative stress considered an imbalance between pro- antioxidant species, which results in molecular cellular damage. plays a crucial role development age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that can control autoxidation by interrupting propagation free radicals or inhibiting formation subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage highly dependent on inherited acquired defects enzymes involved redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, molecules with activity promote aging counteract worth discuss further. Of particular interest this article, we highlighted mechanisms antioxidants prevention Taken together, better understanding redox modulation inflammation would provide useful approach for potential interventions, promoting

Language: Английский

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Chemical Basis of Reactive Oxygen Species Reactivity and Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 2407 - 2407

Published: May 15, 2019

Increasing numbers of individuals suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive loss neurons. Oxidative stress, in particular, the overproduction Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), play an important role development these as evidenced detection products lipid, protein and DNA oxidation vivo. Even if they participate cell signaling metabolism regulation, ROS also formidable weapons against most biological materials because their intrinsic nature. By nature too, neurons particularly sensitive to high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, weak antioxidant defense oxygen consumption. Thus, appears deleterious mechanisms involved oxidative degradation biomolecules numerous complexes. This review highlights production regulation ROS, chemical properties, both kinetic thermodynamic points view, links between them, implication diseases.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 1106 - 1125

Published: May 28, 2020

The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer's is carry out brain autopsy of the patient's tissue and ascertain whether subject had or any other form dementia. However, due non-feasibility such methods, conclude conditions, medical practitioners use tests that examine a mental ability.Accurate diagnosis at an early stage need hour for initiation therapy. cause most cases still remains unknown except where genetic distinctions have been observed. Thus, standard drug regimen ensues in every patient, irrespective cause, which may not always be beneficial halting reversing disease progression. To provide better life patients by suppressing existing symptoms, diagnosis, curative therapy, site-specific delivery drugs, application hyphenated methods like artificial intelligence brought into main field therapeutics.In this review, we compiled hypotheses explain disease, highlighted gene immunotherapy, peptidomimetics, metal chelators, probiotics quantum dots as advancements strategies manage Alzheimer's.Biomarkers, brain-imaging, theranostics, along with intelligence, are understood future management Alzheimer's.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 5938 - 5938

Published: May 25, 2022

Oxidative stress has been linked with a variety of diseases, being involved in the debut and/or progress several neurodegenerative disorders. This review intends to summarize some findings that correlate overproduction reactive oxygen species pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Huntington’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. was also noted modify inflammatory response. Even though oxidative neuroinflammation are two totally different pathological events, they affect one another. Nonetheless, there still mechanisms need be understood regarding onset diseases order develop efficient therapies. As antioxidants means alter slow down symptoms these most common antioxidants, enzymatic as well non-enzymatic, have mentioned this paper therapeutic options for discussed

Language: Английский

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Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next?

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 100982 - 100982

Published: Nov. 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe?

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 415 - 425

Published: May 4, 2020

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact muscular increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results numerous tissues including blood skeletal muscles. Although several may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted contractions stimulate active muscle fibers a primary source during exercise. This contraction-induced generation associated with (1) oxidant damage (e.g., increased protein oxidation lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated fatigue, (3) activation biochemical signaling pathways adaptation contracting fibers. While our understanding has advanced rapidly last decades, questions remain about whether are beneficial or harmful health. review addresses issue by discussing site(s) detailing health consequences production.

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1851 - 1851

Published: Feb. 6, 2022

Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss. The most common neurodegenerative include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Although there several medicines currently approved for managing disorders, a large majority of them only help with associated symptoms. This lack pathogenesis-targeting therapies is due to the restrictive effects blood–brain barrier (BBB), which keeps close 99% all “foreign substances” out brain. Since their discovery, nanoparticles have been successfully used targeted delivery into many organs, including review briefly describes pathophysiology Alzheimer’s, disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, current management approaches. We then highlight major challenges brain-drug delivery, followed role nanotherapeutics diagnosis treatment various neurological disorders.

Language: Английский

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Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 1851 - 1891

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney inflammatory rhinopharyngitis. polyphenol be safe at doses up 5 g/d, when used either alone or as combination therapy. molecular basis for are based on its ability modulate cell signaling molecules such cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, Notch, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, insulin-like growth factor factor-binding 3, Ras association domain family pAkt, endothelial factor, cyclooxygenase 2, erythroid 2 like Kelch-like ECH-associated 1. Although utility well documented, rapid metabolism poor bioavailability limited use. In this regard, recently produced micronized formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses available data prevention, management, treatment various diseases disorders. Based current evidence, potential molecule clinic discussed.

Language: Английский

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Inflammaging and Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Treatments

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(18), P. 4472 - 4472

Published: Sept. 10, 2019

It has been proposed that a chronic state of inflammation correlated with aging known as inflammaging, is implicated in multiple disease states commonly observed the elderly population. Inflammaging associated over-abundance reactive oxygen species cell, which can lead to oxidation and damage cellular components, increased inflammation, activation cell death pathways. This review focuses on inflammaging its contribution various age-related diseases such cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, obstructive pulmonary diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis. Recently published mechanistic details roles will also be discussed. Advancements potential treatments ameliorate oxidative stress, consequently, reduce morbidity explored.

Language: Английский

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