Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1693, P. 128 - 133

Published: June 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Analgesic Mechanisms of Antidepressants for Neuropathic Pain

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 2483 - 2483

Published: Nov. 21, 2017

Tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are used to treat chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain. Why effective for treatment of pain the precise mechanisms underlying their effects, however, remain unclear. The inhibitory effects these manifest more quickly than antidepressive suggesting different modes action. Recent studies animal models revealed that is extremely important inhibition First, increasing in spinal cord by directly inhibits through α2-adrenergic receptors. Second, acts on locus coeruleus improves function an impaired descending noradrenergic system. Serotonin dopamine may reinforce inhibit based mainly experimental findings from discussed this review.

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulatory Influences on Integration and Segregation in the Brain

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 572 - 583

Published: May 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1838 - 1838

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and regulation entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with central nervous system (CNS) through production specific metabolic compounds, e.g., bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) histamine. Afferent vagus nerve (VN) fibers that transport signals from gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) gut microbiota to brain are linked receptors esophagus, liver, pancreas. In response these stimuli, sends back entero-epithelial cells via efferent VN fibers. Fibers not direct contact wall or intestinal microbiota. Instead, reach 100 500 million neurons enteric (ENS) submucosa myenteric plexus wall. The modulation, development, renewal ENS controlled by microbiota, especially those ability produce metabolize hormones. Signals generated hypothalamus pituitary adrenal glands hypothalamic axis (HPA). SCFAs produced adhere free (FFARs) on surface epithelial (IECs) interact enter circulatory system. alter synthesis degradation neurotransmitters. This review focuses effect have neurotransmitters vice versa.

Language: Английский

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Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

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The Cholinergic System, the Adrenergic System and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1273 - 1273

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide with wide spectrum of symptoms and physiological effects. It has been long reported that the dysregulation cholinergic system adrenergic linked to etiology Alzheimer's disease. Cholinergic neurons widely distributed in brain regions play role cognitive functions normal signaling related learning memory is dependent on acetylcholine. The Locus Coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) main noradrenergic nucleus projects supplies different regions. Norepinephrine shown be neuroprotective against neurodegeneration plays behavior cognition. dysregulated degeneration basalis Meynert basal forebrain LC-NE were aim this review describe current literature pathology disease potential therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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The function of gut microbiota in immune-related neurological disorders: a review

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 15, 2022

This review provides an overview of the importance microbiota in regulation gut-brain communication immune-related neurological disorders. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts a diverse abundance microbiota, referred to as gut microbiota. plays role maintenance GI homeostasis and is likely have multiple effects on brain development function. bidirectional between termed microbiota-gut-brain axis. intestine appears affect human health behavior, certain animal studies demonstrated association alterations Most insights about axis come from germ-free models, which reveal neural To date, many observed impact patients with Although investigated axis, there are still limitations translating this research humans given complexities relationship brain. In review, we discuss emerging evidence how regulates function through biological networks, well possible contribution

Language: Английский

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Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect host’s absorption nutrients, metabolism, immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion production, also functions personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation impact all organs, including brain. Appreciable evidence shows microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating local nervous system (i.e., enteric vagus nerves) affecting brain function cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between central sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, synbiotics), but mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review current state knowledge for each major classes microbial emphasizing biological effects on microbiome, environment, Also, discuss biosynthesis, absorption, transport microbiota-derived implication in mental disorders.

Language: Английский

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Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 26, 2020

Abstract Background Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin due to disturbance BH biosynthesis or recycling. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is first diagnostic hallmark for most deficiencies, apart from autosomal dominant guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I deficiency sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Early supplementation neurotransmitter precursors where appropriate, treatment HPA results in significant improvement motor cognitive function. Management approaches differ across world therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming harmonize optimize patient care. Representatives International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD) according SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) methodology evaluating all available evidence diagnosis deficiencies. Conclusion Although total body literature was mainly rated as low very low, consensus will help clinical practice standardize improve care deficient patients.

Language: Английский

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