Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 423 - 423

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis prognosis major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α) individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes inflammation, mechanisms that, turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation dysbiosis induce alterations tryptophan metabolism, culminating decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims highlight inflammatory (neuroinflammation, dysbiosis) involved pathophysiology MDD explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines evidence have indicated that addition antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, vitamin D) possess effects their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary benefits these alternative therapies MDD.

Language: Английский

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Implications of microbe-derived ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in gut and brain barrier integrity and GABAergic signaling in Alzheimer’s disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 15, 2024

The gut microbial ecosystem communicates bidirectionally with the brain in what is known as gut-microbiome-brain axis. Bidirectional signaling occurs through several pathways including via vagus nerve, circulation of metabolites, and immune activation. Alterations microbiota are implicated Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Perturbations communities may affect within axis altered production metabolites ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), primary inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter. GABA has been shown to act on integrity modulation mucins tight junction proteins be involved nerve signal inhibition. GABAergic pathway dysregulated AD, responsive interventions. Gut recent interest neurological disorders, AD. Bacteroides Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus, predominant producers GABA. This review highlights how temporal alterations associated AD pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, AD-associated inflammation.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2023 - 2023

Published: Oct. 8, 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. GM has symbiotic relationship with its host fundamental for body homeostasis. not limited to scope GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between other organs, highlighting concept "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from normal composition GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", implicated in pathogenesis various diseases. Only few studies have demonstrated modifications disease phenotypes, it still unknown whether an altered contributes or simply reflects status. Restoration probiotics prebiotics been postulated, evidence effects limited. Prebiotics substrates "selectively utilized by microorganisms, conferring health benefit". This study highlights vital organs demonstrates dysbiosis emergence certain representative Finally, this article focuses on potential as target therapy manipulate presents gaps literature research.

Language: Английский

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Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Prodromal Changes

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 486 - 501

Published: June 14, 2023

Prior studies on the gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded conflicting results, and few focused prodromal (premotor) PD or used shotgun metagenomic profiling to assess microbial functional potential. We conducted a nested case-control study within 2 large epidemiological cohorts examine role of PD.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark Parkinson’s disease (PD) illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause protein aggregation, brain injury, cognitive loss in illnesses misfolding normal cellular (PrP C ) into an infectious form Sc ). Aggregation causes disruptions processes (PD), leading to dopamine-producing neurons motor symptoms. Alteration composition or activity gut microbes may weaken intestinal barrier make it possible for prions go from brain. The gut-brain axis linked neuroinflammation; metabolites produced by microbiota affect aggregation α-synuclein, regulate inflammation immunological responses, influence course neurotoxicity proteins, even if their targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores interactions that exist between neurodegenerative particularly involvement microbiota, a collection bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., various becoming increasingly recognized. microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, integrity through axis, which contributes development progression disease. review delves molecular mechanisms underlie these relationships, emphasizing effects microbial such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulating functioning. Additionally, looks at how environmental dietary decisions whether they could be risk factors illnesses. study concludes highlighting critical role plays It also provides promising direction future research treatment approaches. People afflicted difficult ailments find hope new preventive therapeutic approaches diseases better understood.

Language: Английский

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Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota’s impact on depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the “second brain,” has an important role in CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, neurological processes. Various studies have found bidirectional link between brain gut, emphasizing onset depression therapies. biological molecular processes underlying microbiota are required, association may represent novel study. However, profound insights into stratification diversity still uncommon. This article investigates emerging evidence bacterial relationship brain’s system potential pathogenicity relevance. interplay immune system, nervous neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroplasticity transitions widely studied. consequences stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics GB axis being Multiple revealed this led development effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention treatment. Therefore, results support hypothesis that influences provide promising area research improved knowledge etiology disease future

Language: Английский

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The potential importance of the built-environment microbiome and its impact on human health

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(20)

Published: April 25, 2024

There is increasing evidence that interactions between microbes and their hosts not only play a role in determining health disease but also emotions, thought, behavior. Built environments greatly influence microbiome exposures because of built-in highly specific microbiomes coproduced with myriad metaorganisms including humans, pets, plants, rodents, insects. Seemingly static built structures host complex ecologies microorganisms are starting to be mapped. These microbial directly interdependently affected by social, spatial, technological norms. Advances technology have made these organisms visible forced the scientific community architects rethink gene–environment microbe respectively. Thus, environment design must consider microbiome, research involving host–microbiome interaction built-environment. This paradigm shift becomes increasingly important as grows contemporary steadily reducing diversity essential for human health, well-being, resilience while accelerating symptoms chronic diseases environmental allergies, other more life-altering diseases. New models required balance maximizing exposure minimizing human-associated Sustained trans-disciplinary across time (evolutionary, historical, generational) space (cultural geographical) needed develop experimental protocols address multigenerational multispecies equity environments.

Language: Английский

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The bilateral cross communication in microbiota-gut-brain axis as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on neuroinflammation

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Abstract The microbiota- gut-brain interaction is a fundamental aspect of the synergy between microbiota and host in accessing signaling pathways to modulate brain function behavior. bilateral cross-communication, which might be direct or indirect, within line axis becoming promising therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dysbiosis creates an imbalance abundance pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory species, species’ availability may vary based on type neurodegenerative diseases. final outcome (i.e., dysbiosis) follows similar approach, leading shift towards state gut, increased gut permeability, triggered peripheral inflammatory response consequently occurs. To fully exploit impact interventions AD, scientific investigations help understand complex neuroinflammatory mechanisms investigating potential modulating future therapies.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The gut-brain-cancer axis represents a novel and intricate connection between the gut microbiota, neurobiology, cancer progression. Recent advances have accentuated significant role of microbiota metabolites in modulating systemic processes that influence both brain health tumorigenesis. This paper explores emerging concept metabolite-mediated modulation within connection, focusing on key such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While microbiota's impact immune regulation, neuroinflammation, tumor development is well established, gaps remain grasping how specific contribute to neuro-cancer interactions. We discuss with potential implications for neurobiology cancer, indoles polyamines, which yet be extensively studied. Furthermore, we review preclinical clinical evidence linking dysbiosis, altered metabolite profiles, tumors, showcasing limitations research gaps, particularly human longitudinal studies. Case studies investigating microbiota-based interventions, including dietary changes, fecal transplantation, probiotics, demonstrate promise but also indicate hurdles translating these findings therapies. concludes call standardized multi-omics approaches bi-directional frameworks integrating microbiome, neuroscience, oncology develop personalized therapeutic strategies patients.

Language: Английский

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Using synthetic biology to understand the gut-brain axis

Cell Reports Physical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102458 - 102458

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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