Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Paracrine Activity—Immunomodulation Mechanisms and How to Influence the Therapeutic Potential

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 381 - 381

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

With high clinical interest to be applied in regenerative medicine, Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells have been widely studied due their multipotency, wide distribution, and relative ease of isolation expansion vitro. Their remarkable biological characteristics immunomodulatory influence opened doors the application MSCs many settings. The therapeutic these cells interaction with immune system seems occur both directly through a paracrine route, production secretion soluble factors extracellular vesicles. complex mechanisms which this takes place is not fully understood, but several functional manipulation techniques, such as cell engineering, priming, preconditioning, developed. In review, knowledge about immunoregulatory capacity products revisited, special focus on phenomena migration homing, direct action activity. techniques for homing improvement, modulation conditioning prior were also explored. Finally, multiple assays where different approaches varying success used examples justify exploration.

Language: Английский

---

Translational potential of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative therapies for human diseases: challenges and opportunities

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Advances in stem cell technology offer new possibilities for patients with untreated diseases and disorders. Stem cell-based therapy, which includes multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs), has recently become important regenerative therapies. MSCs are progenitor that possess the ability to undergo vitro self-renewal differentiate into various lineages. have demonstrated promise several areas, such as tissue regeneration, immunological modulation, anti-inflammatory qualities, wound healing. Additionally, development of specific guidelines quality control methods ultimately result therapeutic application been made easier by recent advancements study MSC biology. This review discusses latest clinical uses obtained from umbilical cord (UC), bone marrow (BM), or adipose (AT) treating human pulmonary dysfunctions, neurological disorders, endocrine/metabolic diseases, skin burns, cardiovascular conditions, reproductive this offers comprehensive information regarding targeted therapies utilizing MSCs. It also presents examines concept origin its potential impact on function downstream applications. The ultimate aim research is facilitate translational applications

Language: Английский

---

MSC-EVs alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating microenvironmental cells in the articular cavity and maintaining cartilage matrix homeostasis

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 101864 - 101864

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The Metabolic Changes between Monolayer (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) Culture Conditions in Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 178 - 178

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

One of the key factors that may influence therapeutic potential mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is their metabolism. The switch between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis can be affected by many factors, including oxygen concentration spatial form culture. This study compared metabolic features adipose-derived (ASCs) dedifferentiated fat (DFATs) cultivated as monolayer or spheroid culture under 5% O2 (physiological normoxia) impact on MSCs abilities.We observed cultured spheroids had a slightly lower viability reduced proliferation rate but higher expression stemness-related transcriptional to in monolayer. three-dimensional increased mtDNA content, consumption (OCR) extracellular acidification (ECAR), especially DFATs-3D population. DFATs also demonstrated levels Complex V proteins rates ATP production. Moreover, reactive species intracellular lactic acid were found 3D culture.Our results suggest reconfiguration accompanies transition from 2D processes both become more active. Intensified metabolism might associated with demand for energy, which needed maintain pluripotency genes stemness state.

Language: Английский

---

A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Based Materials for Chronic Diabetic Wounds

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 604 - 604

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Globally, millions of people suffer from poor wound healing, which is associated with higher mortality rates and healthcare costs. There are several factors that can complicate the healing process wounds, including inadequate conditions for cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, microbial infections, prolonged inflammatory responses. Current therapeutic methods have not yet been able to resolve primary problems; therefore, their effectiveness limited. As a result remarkable properties, bio-based materials demonstrated significant impact on in recent years. In microenvironment, stimulate numerous cellular molecular processes may enhance by inhibiting growth pathogens, preventing inflammation, stimulating potentially converting non-healing environment an appropriately one. The aim this present review article provide overview mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. development nanomaterials chronic diabetic wounds as well novel methodologies also discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 253 - 253

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

As the most common form of dementia and a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects over 10% world population with age 65 older. The is neuropathologically associated loss neurons synapses in specific brain regions, deposition amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress. Despite intensive effort, there still no cure for disorder. Stem cell-derived exosomes hold great promise treating various diseases, including AD, as they contain variety anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant components. Moreover, stem also promote neurogenesis angiogenesis can repair damaged BBB. In this review, we will first outline major neuropathological features AD; subsequently, discussion cells, cell-secreted exosomes, exosome isolation methods follow. We then summarize recent data involving use mesenchymal cell- or neural AD. Finally, briefly discuss challenges, perspectives, clinical trials using AD therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Glial Cell Reprogramming in Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Advancements and Translational Challenges

Translational Stroke Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Engineering Exosomes for CNS Disorders: Advances, Challenges, and Therapeutic Potential

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3137 - 3137

Published: March 28, 2025

The development of targeted drugs for diseases the central nervous system (CNS) is a significant challenge due to structural complexity and functional specificities these systems. Recently, exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic platform, given their unique capacity traverse blood-brain barrier deliver bioactive molecules target cells. This review examines recent advances in exosome research with particular focus on CNS diseases, emphasizing role carriers cargo, including proteins, RNAs, lipids. Nevertheless, challenges remain before exosome-based therapies can be translated from preclinical clinical applications. These include need scalable production standardized isolation methods. Despite hurdles, ongoing studies continue shed light mechanisms exosome-mediated neuroprotection neurodegeneration. paves way innovative strategies address disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Mitochondrial Transfer as a Cell Rescue Strategy in Regenerative Medicine: A Review of Evidence in Preclinical Models

Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 814 - 827

Published: July 19, 2022

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have excellent clinical potential and numerous properties that ease its translation. Mitochondria play a crucial role in energy metabolism, essential for cellular activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration. However, mitochondrial dysfunction can occur due to diseases pathological conditions. Research on transfer from MSCs recipient has gained prominence. Numerous studies demonstrated led increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, recovered bioenergetics, rescued injured apoptosis. the complex mechanisms lead healthy damaged remain under investigation, factors contributing bioenergetics recovery largely ambiguous. Therefore, this review demonstrates an overview of recent findings preclinical reporting MSC transfer, comprised information cell sources, cells, dosage, route administration, mechanism conditions, therapeutic effects. Further above, research discusses challenges therapy settings suggestions overcome challenges.

Language: Английский

---

Engineered exosomes derived from stem cells: a new brain-targeted strategy

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 91 - 110

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Using engineered exosomes produced from stem cells is an experimental therapeutic approach for treating brain diseases. According to reports, preclinical research has demonstrated notable neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects using modified cell-derived exosomes. These biological nanoparticles have a variety of anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties that make them very promising nervous system disorders.

Language: Английский

---