Purinergic Signaling in Oral Tissues

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(14), P. 7790 - 7790

Published: July 14, 2022

The role of the purinergic signal has been extensively investigated in many tissues and related organs, including central peripheral nervous systems as well gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, immune systems. Less attention paid to influence purines oral cavity, which is first part digestive apparatus also acts body’s antimicrobial barrier. In this review, evidence provided presence possible physiological system different structures forming cavity teeth, tongue, hard palate, soft palate with their annexes such taste buds, salivary glands, fibers innervating structures. We report findings on involvement pathological conditions affecting Sjögren’s syndrome or following irradiation for treatment head neck cancer, use experimental drugs interfering purine improve bone healing after damage. Further investigations are required translate results obtained so far into clinical setting order pave way a wider application purine-based treatments diseases.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy and Unconstraint Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Limb Function—A Study on Human Patients and Rats with Cerebral Infarction

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Most conventional post-stroke rehabilitation treatments do not involve imposed constraints of the unaffected limb. In contrast, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is comprised massed task practice with affected limb and constraint CIMT a promising technique used for motor recovery limbs after stroke, but its effectiveness mechanism are fully understood. We compared effects two exercise modes on function in animal models human subjects, investigated whether oxidative stress response was involved regulating effects. first conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT), which 84 subjects cerebral infarction were assigned to dose-matched constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), or unconstraint (UE), treatment. Motor functions primary outcomes RCT measured using Brief Fugl–Meyer upper extremity score (FMA-UE), Ashworth score, Barthel scale. Psychological influence UE also examined Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Next, we rats undergoing middle artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R). function, infarct volume, pathohistological changes by mNSS, MRI, histological studies. The role Keap1-Nrf2-ARE qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA experiments. RCT, patients taking had higher FMA-UE, index, SDS, lower modified Ashworth, those UE. receiving CIMT, increased, volume decreased expression Keap1 protein mRNA peri-infarct tissue decreased, Nrf2 ARE increased agonist t-BHQ benefits CIMT. conclusion, more effective than improving reducing muscle spasm UE, may feel depressed. Moreover, both beneficial limit expansion MCAO/R rats, Oxidative reaction has an essential induced benefits.

Language: Английский

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Huoluo Xiaoling Pellet promotes microglia M2 polarization through increasing MCPIP1 expression for ischemia stroke alleviation

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114914 - 114914

Published: May 24, 2023

Huoluo Xiaoling Pellet (HXP), a Chinese patent medicine, is commonly administered for the treatment of treat ischemic strokes. MCPIP1, an inducible suppressor inflammatory response, regulator microglial M2 polarization. This study aimed to explore whether HXP can promote polarization by upregulating MCPIP1 expression, consequently mitigating cerebral injury. Our involved 85 Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 250-280 g). We established middle artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) models with knockdown assess effects on findings show that reduced brain water content, improved neurological function, inhibited expression factors in tissues MCAO rats. The neuroprotective injuries were compromised knockdown. Immunofluorescence results indicated microglia marker Iba1 phenotypic CD206 was upregulated OGD/R-treated microglia. Administration significantly facilitated effect counteracted sh-MCPIP1 transfection. Western blotting revealed augmented proteins (CD206 Arg1), PPARγ, while reducing M1 (CD16 iNOS) OGD/R-induced suppressed HXP-mediated upregulation CD206, Arg1, as well downregulation CD16 iNOS. suggest primarily ameliorates stroke through which turn induces

Language: Английский

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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired tissue response to insulin. Although there are many methods diagnose IR, new biomarkers still being sought for early and noninvasive diagnosis the disease. Of particular interest in laboratory diagnostics saliva collected stress-free, noninvasive, straightforward manner. The purpose study was evaluate diagnostic utility salivary redox preclinical studies an animal model. conducted on 20 male Wistar rats divided into two equal groups: standard diet high-fat (HFD). In all fed HFD, IR confirmed by elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. We have shown that responsible depletion enzymatic (↓superoxide dismutase) nonenzymatic (↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione (GSH)) antioxidant barrier at both central (serum/plasma) gland (saliva) levels. rats, we also demonstrated significantly higher concentrations protein/lipid oxidation (↑protein carbonyls, ↑4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE)), glycation (↑advanced end products), nitration (↑3-nitrotyrosine) products blood plasma. Salivary antioxidants oxidative stress generally correlate with their levels, while GSH 4-HNE highest correlation coefficient. body weight BMI indices carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-α). These differentiate from healthy controls very high sensitivity (100%) specificity (100%). multivariate regression analysis. Summarizing, can be used assess systemic status intensity stress. may potential progression. There need human clinical trials conditions.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Salivary Sensor with Integrated Au Electrodes and Conductivity Meters for Screening of Diabetes

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 702 - 702

Published: July 2, 2023

The rise in diabetes cases is a growing concern due to the aging of populations. This not only places strain on healthcare systems but also creates serious public health problems. Traditional blood tests are currently used check sugar levels, they invasive and can discourage patients from regularly monitoring their levels. We recently developed nano-sensing probes that integrate Au microelectrodes conductivity meters, requiring 50 μL saliva for measurement. usage co-planar design coating-free electrodes makes measurement more stable, precise, easier. study found positive correlation between participant's fasting levels salivary conductivity. observed prevalence 11.6% among 395 adults under 65 years this study, using glycated hemoglobin > 6.5% definition. significantly higher group, clear trend increasing as rose. prediction model, conductivity, age, body mass index, performed well diagnosing diabetes, with ROC curve area 0.75. participants were further divided into low high groups based Youden index cutoff value 5.987 ms/cm. Individuals had 3.82 times greater risk than those lower determined by odds ratio calculation. In conclusion, portable sensing device has potential be screening tool detecting diabetes.

Language: Английский

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