Recent advances in the development and clinical application of miRNAs in infectious diseases

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 41 - 54

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

In the search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets infectious diseases, several molecules have been investigated. Small RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRs), are important regulators of gene expression, emerged promising candidates these purposes. MiRs a class small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in human including host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. Recently, miRs signatures reported different opening perspectives molecular diagnosis therapy. MiR profiles can discriminate between healthy individuals patients, well distinguish disease stages. Furthermore, possibility assessing biological fluids, such serum whole blood, renders feasible development non-invasive diagnostic prognostic tools. this manuscript, we will comprehensively describe diseases explore how they contribute to advance existing Additionally, discuss miR analysis platforms understand obstacles advances approach propose their potential clinical applications contributions public health.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA (miRNA) Complexity in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 788 - 788

Published: May 30, 2023

AD is a complex, progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder representing the most common cause of senile dementia and neurological dysfunction in our elderly domestic population. The widely observed heterogeneity reflection complexity process itself altered molecular-genetic mechanisms operating diseased human brain CNS. One key players this complex regulation gene expression pathological neurobiology are microRNAs (miRNAs) that, through their actions, shape transcriptome cells that normally associate with very high rates genetic activity, transcription messenger RNA (mRNA) generation. analysis miRNA populations characterization abundance, speciation can further provide valuable clues to understanding process, especially sporadic forms disorder. Current in-depth analyses high-quality age- gender-matched control tissues providing pathophysiological miRNA-based signatures serve as basis for expanding mechanistic future design miRNA- related RNA-based therapeutics. This focused review will consolidate findings from multiple laboratories which abundant species, both free exosome-bound CNS, species appear be prominently affected by recent developments advancements signaling hippocampal CA1 region AD-affected brains.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Transplacental Transmission: A Rare Occurrence? An Overview of the Protective Role of the Placenta

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4550 - 4550

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global public health crisis, causing substantial concern especially to pregnant population. Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at greater risk devastating pregnancy complications such as premature delivery and stillbirth. Irrespective emerging reported cases neonatal COVID-19, reassuringly, confirmatory evidence vertical transmission is still lacking. protective role placenta limiting utero spread virus developing fetus intriguing. short- long-term impact maternal COVID-19 infection newborn remains an unresolved question. In this review, we explore recent transmission, cell-entry pathways, placental responses towards infection, its potential effects on offspring. We further discuss how serves defensive front against exerting various cellular molecular defense pathways. A better understanding barrier, immune defense, modulation strategies involved restricting transplacental may provide valuable insights for future development antiviral immunomodulatory therapies improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Role of CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and miRNA expression profiles on polymorphonuclear mobilization in COVID-19 patients

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Introduction: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are actively recruited during COVID-19 and yet dysfunctions associated with its prognosis. The PMN receptor CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12 known to play a role in the recruitment of PMN. primary objective was evaluate modulation this pathway patients after treatment dexamethasone (DXM). Secondary objectives were miRNA expression profiles. Material Methods We conducted prospective study comparing admitted emergency department from December 2022 April 2023 for SARS-CoV-2 infection control population. studied surface receptor, circulating levels SDF-1 miR levels. Patients treated (DXM) sampled again at H48. Results Forty-four infected 20 controls analyzed. significantly increased decreased by DXM + percentages significantly. on admission risk mechanical ventilation. Levels 15b-5p, 146a-5p, 155-5p 30d-5p patients. miR-hsa-122 found mortality variation need Conclusions Our suggests possible involvement SDF-1/CXCR4 axis physiopathogenesis COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 129 - 129

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and syncytial virus (RSV), pose significant global health challenges, particularly for the elderly immunocompromised individuals. Substantial evidence indicates that acute viral can manipulate host's epigenome through mechanisms like DNA methylation histone modifications part of immune response. These epigenetic alterations persist beyond phase, influencing long-term immunity susceptibility to subsequent infections. Post-infection modulation host may help distinguish infected from uninfected individuals predict disease severity. Understanding these interactions is crucial developing effective treatments preventive strategies ARIs. This review highlights critical role following ARIs in regulating innate defense mechanisms. We discuss implications diagnosing, preventing, treating infections, contributing advancement precision medicine. Recent studies have identified specific changes, hypermethylation interferon-stimulated genes severe COVID-19 cases, which could serve biomarkers early detection progression. Additionally, therapies, including inhibitors methyltransferases deacetylases, show promise modulating response improving patient outcomes. Overall, this provides valuable insights into landscape ARIs, extending traditional genetic perspectives. are essential advancing diagnostic techniques innovative address growing threat emerging causing globally.

Language: Английский

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Suppression of miR-155 Attenuates Lung Cytokine Storm Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly human viral with high rate of infection, morbidity, and mortality. Although vaccines antiviral treatments are available, hospitalizations remain steady, concerns about long-term consequences persist. Therefore, there great urgency to develop novel therapies. Here, we analyzed the role miR-155, one most powerful drivers host responses including immune inflammatory responses, in pathogenicity severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) key molecules preventing entry replication while building an cellular defense. Our study reveals that miR-155 expression elevated patients COVID-19. Using mouse model transgenic for angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2, evaluated potential anti-miR-155 therapy. Treating SARS-CoV-2-infected mice significantly reduced expression, improved survival, slightly increased body weight. Notably, these showed altered cytokines lungs. These findings suggest could be promising therapy mitigate cytokine storm long-lasting symptoms induced by SARS-CoV-2 improving public health outcomes enhancing global pandemic preparedness.

Language: Английский

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Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 deaths to date. COVID‐19 one the most challenging diseases our times due nature its spread, effect on multiple organs, and an inability predict prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic death. Upon infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 alters host immune response by changing host‐transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post‐transcriptional regulators gene expression can be perturbed invading viruses. Several in vitro vivo studies have reported such dysregulation miRNA upon infection. Some this could occur anti‐viral viral Viruses themselves counteract mounting their own pro‐viral facilitates virus aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs serve possible biomarkers people. In current review, we summarised analysed existing data about patients determine concordance between studies, identified those potential during progression, death, even other co‐morbidities. Having vital not only predicting but also development novel miRNA‐based anti‐virals therapeutics become invaluable case emergence new variants pandemic future.

Language: Английский

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Clinically Informative Micrornas for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Epigenomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 705 - 716

Published: July 1, 2023

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection induced by the newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. miRNA an example of strong and direct regulator gene's transcriptional activity. The interaction between miRNAs their target molecules responsible for homeostasis. Virus-derived host-derived are involved in activity hiding from immune system cells, inducing inflammatory reaction through interplay with associated genes, during SARS-COV-2 infection. Interest has raised comprehension machinery pathophysiology In this review, effects biological roles on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity life cycle described. therapeutic potential against also mentioned.

Language: Английский

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TGF-β1 Inhibition of ACE2 Mediated by miRNA Uncovers Novel Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

Journal of Innate Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 629 - 646

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for COVID-19, utilizes receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein to interact with angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE2). Altering ACE2 levels may affect entry SARS-CoV-2 and recovery from COVID-19. Decreased cell surface density leads increased local Ang II contribute mortality resulting lung injury fibrosis during Studies published early the COVID-19 pandemic reported that people cystic (PwCF) had milder symptoms, compared without CF. This finding was attributed elevated and/or treatment high efficiency CFTR modulators. Subsequent studies did not confirm these findings reporting variable effects gene mutations on levels. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is essential infection dominates chronic immune response in leading pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β1 a modifier associated more disease PwCF but its course unknown. To understand whether affects airway, we examined miRNAs their targets affecting pathogenesis TGF-β1. Small RNAseq micro(mi)RNA profiling identified pathways uniquely affected by TGF-β1, including those invasion, replication, host responses. inhibited expression miR-136-3p miR-369-5p mediated mechanism CF non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. were higher two models expressing most common CF-causing mutation F508del, controls mutation. After treatment, protein still CF, prevented modulator-mediated rescue F508del-CFTR function while modulators prevent inhibition Finally, reduced interaction between recombinant RBD lowering RBD. Our data demonstrate novel whereby cells modulate pathogenicity severity. By reducing levels, decrease into hindering due loss anti-inflammatory regenerative ACE2. above outcomes be modulated other, miRNA-mediated exerted responses, complex yet incompletely understood circuitry.

Language: Английский

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A Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Expression in Mild, Moderate, and Severe COVID-19: Insights from Urine, Serum, and Nasopharyngeal Samples

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1681 - 1681

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, manifests with a wide range of clinical symptoms that vary from mild respiratory issues to severe distress. To effectively manage and predict outcomes disease, it is important understand molecular mechanisms underlying its severity. This study focuses on analyzing comparing expression patterns microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum, urine, nasopharyngeal samples patients mild, moderate, COVID-19. The aim identify potential associations disease progression discover suitable markers for diagnosis prognosis. Our findings indicate consistent upregulation miR-21, miR-146a, miR-155 In moderate cases, there were more significant changes miRNA compared cases. Specifically, miR-let-7 demonstrated upregulation, while miR-146b exhibited downregulation. most notable alterations profiles observed COVID-19 miR-223. Moreover, our analysis using Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves miR-155, miR-let-7, miR-223 high sensitivity specificity, suggesting their as biomarkers distinguishing healthy individuals. Overall, this comparative revealed distinct expression. overlapping miRNAs suggest utility discriminating status.

Language: Английский

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