2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(8)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, obesity) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, metabolic syndrome) that contribute health. AHA Disease Stroke Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including brain health, complications pregnancy, kidney congenital rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary cardiomyopathy, failure, valvular venous thromboembolism, peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). METHODS: AHA, through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States globally provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2024 is product full year’s worth effort 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional global data, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. RESULTS: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. CONCLUSIONS: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolic regulation in the brain

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 16, 2023

Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes, supported by evidence abnormal brain structure function. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between diabetes cognitive dysfunction, there are several plausible ways in which this connection may occur. Since, functions require constant supply glucose an energy source, the be more susceptible to abnormalities metabolism. Glucose under diabetic conditions play important role affecting transport reducing These changes, along with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial other factors, can affect synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, ultimately lead impaired neuronal Insulin signal triggers intracellular transduction that regulates resistance, one hallmark has also been linked cerebral metabolism brain. In review, we conclude critical alterations underlying (DCD), associated multiple pathogenic factors such others. Brain insulin resistance highly emphasized characterized mechanism DCD.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: A systematic umbrella review and meta‐analysis

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 441 - 462

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Abstract Aims The objective of this umbrella review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effect diabetes on risk dementia, as well mitigating antidiabetic treatments. Materials Methods We conducted a systematic its treatment, focusing treatment. searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Cochrane Library for reviews meta‐analyses assessing cognitive decline/dementia in individuals with until 2 July 2023. random‐effects obtain ratios 95% confidence intervals estimating association metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, α‐glucosidase meglitinides, insulin, sulphonylureas, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) dementia from cohort/case‐control studies. subgroups analysed included country world region. Risk bias assessed AMSTAR tool Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Results 100 27 studies (N = 3 046 661). Metformin, GLP1RAs SGLT2is were associated significant reduction dementia. When examining metformin divided by country, only United States. Moreover, Western but not Eastern populations. No observed or while meglitinides sulphonylureas increased risk. Conclusions reduced More longitudinal aimed at determining their relative benefit different populations should be conducted.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between diabetes and the dementia risk: a meta-analysis

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 14, 2024

Abstract Background The link between diabetes and dementia risk is not well understood. This study evaluates the factors linking to onset, providing guidance for preventing in diabetic patients. Methods analysis utilized databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library review literature from January 31, 2012, March 5, 2023. Articles were rigorously assessed using specific inclusion exclusion criteria. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used evaluate quality studies. Data performed with STATA 15.0. Results analyzed 15 articles, covering 10,103,868 patients, 8,821,516 diagnosed diabetes. meta-analysis reveals a substantial association an increased [RR: 1.59, 95%CI (1.40–1.80), P < 0.01, I² =96.4%]. A duration less than five years linked higher 1.29, (1.20–1.39), =92.6%]. Additionally, hypoglycemia significantly raises 1.56, (1.13–2.16), =51.5%]. Analyses blood sugar control, glycated hemoglobin, fasting indicated no significant effects on onset dementia. Conclusion Diabetes notably increases risk, particularly where under or present. Registration research protocol registered PROSPERO assigned registration number CRD42023394942.

Language: Английский

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Association between glycated hemoglobin A1c levels, control status, and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its relationship long-term glycemic control remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, HbA1c status, fluctuations, and CI Chinese adults aged 45 years older T2DM using data from China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 797 participants measurements 2011 2015 cognitive function assessments 2018 were included. Logistic regression models restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis applied, adjusting for potential confounders. Higher levels (≥ 9%) significantly associated an increased risk CI, particularly global cognition episodic memory (OR 4.03 (1.45–11.20) cognition; OR 2.92 (1.02–8.38) memory). RCS revealed U-shaped indicating that both excessively low high elevate risk. Uncontrolled 8%) also linked higher compared stable levels. Maintaining below 8% may reduce patients, highlighting importance personalized management.

Language: Английский

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Effects of DPP4 Inhibitors as Neuroprotective Drug on Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

International Journal of Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 10

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Purpose. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered as one of the risk factors for cognitive impairment. DPP4 inhibitors are effective drugs treatment type mellitus. However, relationship between and dysfunction remains unclear. Therefore, we used a meta-analysis to determine association impairment in Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, CNKI, Cochrane Library at time establishment, 2022, then made inclusion criteria screened strategies identify studies with more precise correlations. Results. included 10 5,583 participants. The data showed that significantly reduced incidence rate (SMD: 0.99; 95% CI [0.59, 1.38]). Furthermore, there was linear correlation found fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glycosylated hemoglobin. decreased glucose (FPG) 0.52; [−0.68, −0.37]), (2hPPG) hours after meal 0.82; CI, [−1.2, −0.43]), HbA1c 0.34; [−0.48, −0.21]). All were statistically significant ( P<0.0001 ). conducted subgroup analyses following measures various durations ages: scores, hemoglobin, two-hour glucose. Conclusion. improved diabetic individuals’ Subgroup analysis people aged 60 70 years had better effects 0–180 days. This trial registered CRD42023399473.

Language: Английский

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HbA_1c variability associated with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 5561 - 5569

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although poor glycemic control is associated with dementia, it unknown if variability in control, even those optimal glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA ) levels, increases dementia risk. METHODS Among 171,964 people type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the hazard of association long‐term HbA using five operationalizations, including standard deviation (SD), adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS The mean baseline age was 61 years (48% women). Greater SD greater (adjusted ratio = 1.15 [95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.17]). In stratified analyses, higher quintiles were among a < 6% ( P 0.0004) or to 8% 0.0001) but not ≥ 0.42). DISCUSSION risk, concentrations at ideal clinical targets. These findings add importance impact recommendations minimize variability. Highlights We observed cohort diabetes (mean years). This based Northern California between 1996 2018. examined hazard. most evident normal–low concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Legume Seeds as New Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Diet Therapy

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(20), P. 3300 - 3300

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Currently, food is regarded not only as a source of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals but also bioactive compounds that can play significant role in the prevention diet therapy many diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) complex disorder defined set interrelated factors increase risk cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia. MS affects adults children. Peptides are one exhibit variety properties. They derived from proteins, which usually obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis digestion digestive system. Legume seeds good peptides. In addition to their high protein content, they contain levels dietary fiber, minerals. The aim this review present new peptides legume showing inhibitory properties against MS. These may find application functional production.

Language: Английский

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Association of insomnia with incident chronic cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(10), P. 108598 - 108598

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Glycated Hemoglobin A_1c Time in Range and Dementia in Older Adults With Diabetes

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. e2425354 - e2425354

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Individuals with diabetes commonly experience Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Factors such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability have been associated increased risk of ADRD. Traditional measures, mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), may not identify the dynamic complex pathophysiologic factors in association between The HbA1c time range (TIR) is a previously developed measure control that expresses stability over within specific ranges. This inform current understanding glucose levels ADRD incidence.

Language: Английский

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