Evaluation of bovine coronavirus in Korean native calves challenged through different inoculation routes

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: June 11, 2024

Abstract Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pneumoenteric virus that can infect the digestive and respiratory tracts of cattle, resulting in economic losses. Despite its significance, information regarding BCoV pathogenesis limited. Hence, we investigated clinical signs, patterns viral shedding, changes antibody abundance, cytokine/chemokine production calves inoculated with via intranasal oral. Six clinically healthy Korean native (< 30 days old), initially negative for BCoV, were divided into oral groups monitored 15 post-infection (dpi). BCoV-infected exhibited signs such as nasal discharge diarrhea, starting at 3 dpi recovering by 12 dpi, being most common symptoms. Viral RNA was detected fecal samples from all infected calves. Nasal shedding occurred before regardless inoculation route; however, persisted longer. Although number partitions very few, identified blood two group 7 9 using digital RT-PCR analysis. The effectiveness maternal antibodies preventing replication appeared Our results showed interleukin (IL)-8 highly induced chemokine. During infection, levels IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β significantly affected, suggesting these emerge potential reliable biomarkers predicting infection. This study underscores importance major pathogen causing diarrhea disease.

Language: Английский

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Durability of Functional SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific Immunological Memory and T Cell Response up to 8–9 Months Postrecovery From COVID‐19

Journal of Immunology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Research on long‐term follow‐up in individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) would yield insights regarding their immunity status and identify those need booster vaccinations. This study evaluated the longevity of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific cellular humoral memory responses, as well T cell effector functionalities, at 1–2 months ( n = 40), 8–9 12 months/1 year 27) following recovery SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. CTL response by enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT); levels cytokine Bio‐Plex, natural killer (NK), CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic functionalities using flow cytometry; anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG ELISA; neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) surrogate virus NAb assay were assessed. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific 8−9 postrecovery hand appeared declining. B, B plasma cells, cells sustained up to months. Increased expression CD107a/IFN‐γ NK could be indicative functions. Recovered with positive negative antibody displayed 1 months, respectively, emphasizing durabilty regardless status. Overall, exhibited robust immunological memory, functionality against that persists for least

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Differences in Lymphocyte Subsets and CD4+ T Cells Immune Activation Between Re-detectable Positive and Non-re-detectable Positive COVID-19 Convalescent Patients

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke out, much literature was reported on the re-detectable positive phenomenon of COVID-19 patients during recovery; however, there were few studies lymphocyte subsets, T-lymphocyte activation indicators, and levels specific antibodies between (RP) non-re-detectable (NRP) patients. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze immunological characteristics RP NRP among convalescent from post-discharge explore factors related RP. Methods: Anticoagulated whole blood samples collected 11 healthy controls (HCs) 66 Then, percentage subsets CD4+CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells tested with flow cytometry, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (S-RBD-IgG) antibody detected by chemiluminescence. Results: B (%) in group significantly lower than that HC (P = 0.014), decreased successively HC, NRP, groups, significant differences three groups 0.016). CD3+ CD8+ noticeably higher 0.004 0.019, respectively); nevertheless, no difference CD4+ natural killer (NK) groups. The CD4+CD38+ CD4+HLA-DR+ 0.013 0.025). analysis showed HLA-DR+ also different 0.037 0.015), increased turn. Meanwhile, a correlation RBD-IgG titer 0.003, r 0.517), high Low 0.005) Conclusions: In this study, analyzed based relationship S-RBD-IgG activated cells. results low might be phenomenon, play crucial role responses.

Language: Английский

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Humoral and cellular immune response to AZD1222 /Covishield and BV152/Covaxin COVID-19 vaccines among adults in India

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Several COVID-19 vaccines were developed using different approaches to prevent both symptomatic cases and fatalities. The adults vaccinated with two doses of AZD1222/Covishield (n = 77) [manufactured by Serum Institute India Pvt Ltd] vaccine BV152/Covaxin 99) Bharat Biotech] vaccine. They assessed for immune response at pre-vaccination, 1 month post first 6 months second dose anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody, surrogate neutralizing antibody (NAbs), phenotypes, antigen specific NK, B T cell response, their effector functionality ELISPOT plasma cytokine profile. Both elicited enhanced Nab levels compared the baseline. BV152/Covaxin, whole virus inactivated exhibited higher (70% vs 100%), (90% robust (31% 96%) responses justifying utility dose. Detection SARS-CoV-2 WV S1 CD4+ central memory in vaccinee CD8+ naïve indicated involvement cells. Persistent NAb along IgG+B IgG+memory cells recipients sustained response. Continued heightened IFN-γ secreting (ELISPOT) displayed platforms could serve as a co correlate protection, further evaluation follow up studies. Overall, our data suggest that coordinated functions humoral cellular branches adaptive immunity may pave ways toward protective against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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