The gut microbiota and the brain–gut–kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 442 - 456

Published: May 14, 2018

Language: Английский

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Expansion of Urease- and Uricase-Containing, Indole- and p-Cresol-Forming and Contraction of Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Intestinal Microbiota in ESRD

American Journal of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 230 - 237

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Intestinal microbiome constitutes a symbiotic ecosystem that is essential for health, and changes in its composition/function cause various illnesses. Biochemical milieu shapes the structure function of microbiome. Recently, we found marked differences abundance numerous bacterial taxa between ESRD healthy individuals. Influx urea uric acid dietary restriction fruits vegetables to prevent hyperkalemia alter patients' intestinal milieu. We hypothesized relative abundances bacteria possessing urease, uricase, p-cresol- indole-producing enzymes increased, while containing converting fiber short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) reduced ESRD.Reference sets genes interest were compiled family, families showing differential 12 24 individuals enrolled our original study compiled. Overlap was assessed using hypergeometric distribution tests.Among 19 microbial dominant patients, possessed 5 4 indole p-cresol-forming enzymes. Among diminished 2 butyrate-forming Probabilities these overlapping distributions <0.05.ESRD patients exhibited significant expansion p-cresol forming enzymes, contraction Given deleterious effects indoxyl sulfate, urea-derived ammonia, beneficial actions SCFA, metabolism contribute uremic toxicity inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 377(18), P. 1765 - 1776

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

The nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease is generally compromised and requires dietary adjustments. This review considers several aspects the management in adults.

Language: Английский

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The Gut as a Source of Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease

˜The œNephron journals/Nephron journals, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 130(2), P. 92 - 98

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Chronic inflammation is a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In recent years, gastrointestinal tract has emerged as major instigator of systemic CKD. Postmortem studies previously discovered gut wall throughout digestive dialysis patients. CKD animals, colon associated with breakdown epithelial tight junction barrier (‘leaky gut') and translocation bacterial DNA endotoxin into bloodstream. Gut have also been detected serum from patients, whereby levels increase stage correlate severity The diet that low plant fiber symbiotic organisms (in adherence potassium, phosphorus intake) can alter normal microbiome, leading to overgrowth bacteria produce uremic toxins such cresyl indoxyl molecules. these ‘leaky gut' bloodstream further promotes inflammation, adverse outcomes progression. Data are lacking on optimal yogurt consumption would favor growth more microbiome while avoiding potassium overload. Prebiotic probiotic formulations shown promise small clinical trials, terms lowering improving quality life. evidence points strong relationship between intestinal CKD, trials investigating gut-targeted therapeutics needed.

Language: Английский

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Altered intestinal microbial flora and impaired epithelial barrier structure and function in CKD: the nature, mechanisms, consequences and potential treatment

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 737 - 746

Published: April 16, 2015

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress which play a central role CKD progression its adverse consequences. Although many of the causes consequences have been extensively explored, little attention had paid to intestine microbial flora as potential source these problems. Our recent studies revealed significant disruption colonic, ileal, jejunal gastric epithelial tight junction different models rats. Moreover, barrier structure function found uremic animals was replicated cultured human colonocytes exposed plasma vitro We further changes composition colonic bacterial humans with advanced CKD. Together, uremia-induced impairment intestinal gut microbiome contribute toxicity by accommodating translocation endotoxin, fragments other noxious luminal products circulation. In addition, bacteria are main several well-known pro-inflammatory toxins such indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol trimethylamine-N-oxide as-yet unidentified retained compounds end-stage renal patients. This review is intended provide an overview effects on their pathogenesis toxicity. interventions aimed at mitigating abnormalities briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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A novel SCFA receptor, the microbiota, and blood pressure regulation

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 202 - 207

Published: Dec. 20, 2013

The maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis is a complex process which carefully regulated by variety inputs. We recently identified two sensory receptors (Olfactory receptor 78 and G protein couple 41) as novel regulators pressure. Both Olfr78 Gpr41 are for short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), we showed that propionate (a SCFA) modifies in manner differentially modulated the absence either or Gpr41. In addition, renin release an Olfr78-dependent manner. Our study also demonstrated antibiotic treatment modulates null mice, indicating SCFAs produced gut microbiota likely influence regulation. this addendum, summarize findings our recent provide perspective on implications interactions between control.

Language: Английский

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Role of the Gut Microbiome in Uremia: A Potential Therapeutic Target

American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 67(3), P. 483 - 498

Published: Nov. 15, 2015

Language: Английский

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Microbiome–metabolome reveals the contribution of gut–kidney axis on kidney disease

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome community (microbiome), which may dictate physiological phenotype (health or disease). Recent technological advances efforts metagenomic metabolomic analyses have led to a dramatical growth our understanding microbiome, but still, mechanisms underlying microbiome-host interactions healthy diseased state remain elusive their elucidation is infancy. Disruption normal microbiota lead intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as result alteration, including indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl trimethylamine-N-oxide, all implicated variant processes kidney diseases development. This review focuses on pathogenic association between (the gut-kidney axis), covering CKD, IgA nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, acute injury, hemodialysis peritoneal dialysis clinic. Targeted interventions probiotic, prebiotic symbiotic measures discussed for potential re-establishing symbiosis, more effective strategies treatment patients suggested. The novel insights into dysbiosis helpful develop therapeutic preventing attenuating complications.

Language: Английский

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Increased Intestinal Permeability and Decreased Barrier Function: Does It Really Influence the Risk of Inflammation?

Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 1(3), P. 135 - 145

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Increased intestinal permeability due to barrier dysfunction is supposed cause microbial translocation which may induce low-grade inflammation in various diseases. However, this series of events has not been comprehensively evaluated yet. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Intestinal epithelial and increased have described patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable syndrome (IBS), alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), type 1 2 diabetes, chronic kidney heart failure (CHF), depression, other Most clinical reports used either assays challenge tests or measurement circulating bacterial markers like endotoxin for assessment ‘the leaky gut'. The assessed by the often related changes tight junction proteins epithelium levels. In IBD, NASH, PBC, obstructive jaundice, severe CHF, endotoxemia proinflammatory cytokinemia found addition permeability. serum IBS antiflagellin antibodies antilipid A were detected, respectively, together cytokinemia. site infection, localized intestine IBD IBS, includes extraintestinal organs relation gut dysbiosis gradually clarified. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Although no direct cause-and-effect relationship confirmed, all experimental data suggest importance hyperpermeability a new target prevention therapy. Considering close gut' major diseases, we can conclude that meticulous dietetic probiotic approaches recover healthy microbiota potential make breakthrough management these diseases tomorrow.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota role in dietary protein metabolism and health-related outcomes: The two sides of the coin

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 213 - 232

Published: Sept. 2, 2016

Language: Английский

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