Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles as the Major Driver of and Explanation for Neuropathogenesis, the Cholinergic Hypothesis, Iron Dyshomeostasis, and Salivary Lactoferrin in Alzheimer’s Disease DOI Creative Commons

Peter L. Nara,

Daniel Sindelar,

Marc S. Penn

et al.

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 82(4), P. 1417 - 1450

Published: July 16, 2021

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a primary oral pathogen in the widespread biofilm-induced "chronic" multi-systems inflammatory disease(s) including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It possibly only second identified unique example of biological extremophile human body. Having better understanding key microbiological and genetic mechanisms its pathogenesis induction are central to future diagnosis, treatment, possible prevention. The published literature around role Pg AD highlights bacteria's direct within brain cause disease. available evidence, although somewhat adopted, does not fully support this as major process. There alternative pathogenic/virulence features associated with that have been overlooked may explain pathogenic processes found "infection hypothesis" AD. A explanation offered here for discrepancy relatively low amounts "Pg bacteria" residing compared rather florid broad distribution one or more bacterial protein toxins. Related this, "Gingipains Hypothesis", AD-related iron dyshomeostasis, early reduced salivary lactoferrin, along resurrection Cholinergic Hypothesis now be integrated into working model. current paper suggests highly evolved developed Type IX secretory cargo system producing outer membrane vesicles observed diseases. Thus it hoped can provide unifying model sporadic form guide direction research,

Language: Английский

The functions of human saliva: A review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI DOI
C. Dawes, Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen, Alessandro Villa

et al.

Archives of Oral Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 60(6), P. 863 - 874

Published: March 10, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

467
The physiology of salivary secretion DOI Open Access
Gordon Proctor

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 11 - 25

Published: Dec. 10, 2015

Abstract Saliva in the mouth is a biofluid produced mainly by three pairs of major salivary glands – submandibular, parotid and sublingual along with secretions from many minor submucosal glands. Salivary gland secretion nerve‐mediated reflex volume saliva secreted dependent on intensity type taste chemosensory, masticatory or tactile stimulation. Long periods low (resting unstimulated) flow are broken short high flow, which stimulated mastication. The modulated nerve signals other centers central nervous system, most obvious as hyposalivation at times anxiety. An example neurohormonal influences circadian rhythm, affects ionic composition. Cholinergic parasympathetic adrenergic sympathetic autonomic nerves evoke secretion, signaling through muscarinic M3 adrenoceptors acinar cells leading to fluid proteins. chloride sodium secreting, isotonic rendered hypotonic duct it flows mouth. proteins present glands, creating viscoelasticity enabling coating oral surfaces saliva. films essential for maintaining health regulating microbiome. contains range validated potential disease biomarkers derived epithelial cells, neutrophils, microbiome, gingival crevicular serum. For example, cortisol levels used assessment stress, matrix metalloproteinases‐8 ‐9 appear be promising markers caries periodontal disease, panel mRNA has been proposed marker squamous cell carcinoma. Understanding mechanisms components enter an important aspect validating their use disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

440
Biomimetic remineralization of dentin DOI
Li‐na Niu, Wei Zhang,

David H. Pashley

et al.

Dental Materials, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 77 - 96

Published: Aug. 5, 2013

Language: Английский

Citations

252
Salivary oxytocin concentrations in response to running, sexual self-stimulation, breastfeeding and the TSST: The Regensburg Oxytocin Challenge (ROC) study DOI
Trynke R. de Jong, Rohit Menon, Anna Bludau

et al.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 381 - 388

Published: Aug. 29, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

224
A New “Silver-Bullet” to treat caries in children – Nano Silver Fluoride: A randomised clinical trial DOI Creative Commons
Valdeci Elias dos Santos,

Arnoldo Vasconcelos de Alencar Filho,

Andréa Gadelha Ribeiro Targino

et al.

Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 42(8), P. 945 - 951

Published: June 12, 2014

Untreated dental caries in children remains a public health challenge poor communities.This prospective controlled clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of new anti-caries agent, Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), applied once year to arrest children.One hundred thirty decayed primary teeth were randomly divided into two groups: NSF as experimental agent and water control group. Teeth clinically diagnosed treated by one masked examiner followed up at seven days five 12 months another calibrated who was blinded type treatment. The criteria ICDAS II determine activity lesion diagnosis caries. Pearson's chi-square test used compare groups during different follow-up exams.At days, 81% group exhibited arrested caries, whereas controls, no had decay (p<0.001) [PF, prevented fraction=81%]. After months, 72.7% with decay, 27.4% [PF=62.5%]. At 66.7% lesions still arrested, while 34.7% remaining (p=0.003) [PF=50%]. number need treat (NNT) two, three.The formulation is effective active dentine not stain teeth.NSF demonstrated be arresting communities.

Language: Английский

Citations

201
A review of the bioactivity of hydraulic calcium silicate cements DOI
Li‐na Niu, Kai Jiao,

Tian-da Wang

et al.

Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 517 - 533

Published: Jan. 15, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

170
The remineralisation of enamel: a review of the literature DOI
Xiaoke Li, Jinfang Wang, Andrew Joiner

et al.

Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 42, P. S12 - S20

Published: June 1, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

162
Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations DOI Creative Commons
Sergey V. Dorozhkin

Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 209 - 311

Published: Nov. 12, 2013

In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder liquid. After mixing, both phases pastes, set harden forming either non-stoichiometric deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since them remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable osteoconductive, formulations appear to be promising for bone grafting. Furthermore, such possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation nearly perfect adaptation complex shapes defects, followed by gradual bioresorption new formation. addition, reinforced have been introduced, might described as concretes. The discovery properties opened up era medical application orthophosphates many commercial trademarks introduced result. Currently widely used synthetic grafts, with several advantages, pourability injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions intrinsic porosity allow loading drugs, biomolecules even cells tissue engineering purposes. this review, an insight into formulations, suitable dental applications, has provided.

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Dentine sensitivity: Past, present and future DOI
Maria Mantzourani, Deepak Sharma

Journal of Dentistry, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 41, P. S3 - S17

Published: July 1, 2013

Language: Английский

Citations

129
Human saliva and model saliva at bulk to adsorbed phases – similarities and differences DOI Creative Commons
Anwesha Sarkar, Feng Xu, Seunghwan Lee

et al.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 102034 - 102034

Published: Aug. 31, 2019

Human saliva, a seemingly simple aqueous fluid, is, in fact, an extraordinarily complex biocolloid that is not fully understood, despite many decades of study. Salivary lubrication widely believed to be signature good oral health and also crucial for speech, food processing swallowing. However, saliva has been often neglected colloid research, primarily due its high intra- inter-individual variability altering material properties upon collection storage, when used as ex vivo research material. In the last few decades, scientists have attempted designing model (i.e. 'saliva mimicking fluid') salivary formulations understand saliva-food interactions vitro set up contribution on microstructural aspects, sensory perception. this Review, we critically examine current state knowledge bulk interfacial comparison real human highlight how far such can match saliva. Many, if most, these share similarities with terms biochemical compositions, including electrolytes, pH concentrations proteins, α-amylase highly glycosylated mucins. This, together between surface charge, led significant advancement decoding various colloidal (bridging, depletion) charged emulsion droplets associated perception phase. represents dissimilarity lubricating properties. Based in-depth examination mucins derived from animal sources (e.g. pig gastric (PGM) or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM)), recommend BSM currently most optimal commercially available source attempting replicate based adsorption Even though purification via dialysis chromatographic techniques may influence physicochemical BSM, structure adsorption, are generally superior more reliable than PGM counterpart at orally relevant pH. Comparison mucin-containing conditioning films suggests alone cannot lubricity pellicle. Mucin-based multi-layers containing oppositely polyelectrolytes offer promising avenues future engineering biomimetic pellicle, however, explored tribology experiments date. Hence, there strong need systematic studies employment without polycationic additives before consensus standardized formulation achieved. Overall, review provides first comprehensive framework simulating particular property doing experiments.

Language: Английский

Citations

113