Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Intercellular and Inter-Organ Crosstalk

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7041 - 7041

Published: June 27, 2024

Neuroinflammation, crucial in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and hepatic encephalopathy, involves complex immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role intercellular inter-organ communication, influencing disease progression. EVs serve as key mediators the system, containing molecules capable of activating molecular pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammatory processes disorders. However, from mesenchymal stem cells show promise reducing neuroinflammation cognitive deficits. can cross CNS barriers, peripheral signals influence brain function via EV-mediated impacting barrier Understanding EV interactions within other organs could unveil novel therapeutic targets for

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of inflammation after ischemic stroke in brain-peripheral crosstalk

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: June 12, 2024

Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, among which ischemic stroke more common. However, there still lack of effective methods to improve the prognosis reduce incidence its complications. At present, evidence that peripheral organs are involved in inflammatory response after stroke. Moreover, interaction between central inflammation includes activation resident immune cells, as well inflammation-related signaling pathways, all play an important role pathophysiology In this review, we discuss mechanisms stroke, interactions through circulatory pathways (such gut, heart, lung spleen) brain mediate regulate We also propose potential meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs)-cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) brain-peripheral crosstalk pathway addition, summarize anti-inflammatory drugs treatment

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke: A Review Integrating Clinical Imaging and Therapeutic Perspectives

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 812 - 812

Published: April 7, 2024

Ischemic stroke poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating ongoing exploration of its pathophysiology and treatment strategies. This comprehensive review integrates various aspects ischemic research, emphasizing crucial mechanisms, therapeutic approaches, the role clinical imaging in disease management. It discusses multifaceted Netrin-1, highlighting potential promoting neurovascular repair mitigating post-stroke neurological decline. also examines impact blood–brain barrier permeability on outcomes explores alternative targets such as statins sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling. Neurocardiology investigations underscore contribution cardiac factors to mortality, importance understanding brain–heart axis for targeted interventions. Additionally, advocates early reperfusion neuroprotective agents counter-time-dependent excitotoxicity inflammation, aiming preserve tissue viability. Advanced techniques, including DWI, PI, MR angiography, are discussed their evaluating penumbra evolution guiding decisions. By integrating molecular insights with modalities, this interdisciplinary approach enhances our offers promising avenues future research interventions improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Remembering what did not happen: the role of hypnosis in memory recall and false memories formation

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Memory recall is subject to errors that can lead the formation of false memories. Several factors affect memory processes, such as attention deficits or emotional distress. Additionally, cardiovascular diseases may cognitive decline and loss, also increasing occurrence events recall. Hypnosis has proved autonomic nervous system, positively impacting response. been suggested a tool enhance autobiographical in both healthy unhealthy individuals; however, this approach led several controversies. Particularly, employment hypnosis (hypnotic regression) accused favoring creation memories, leading therapeutic fallacy. In paper, we review current literature on mechanisms behind memories role played by enhancement The evidence here collected suggests brain health contributing impairments, induces an increase parasympathetic activity decrease sympathetic activity, suggesting potential preventing some diseases, hypertension, which turn improve health. shown have effectiveness enhancing functions, although contradictory findings reported studies make it difficult draw proper conclusions. Hypnotic regression guided imagery should be used with caution they unintentionally Nevertheless, further are required better understand effects heart how memory, especially people decline.

Language: Английский

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Network pharmacology exploration reveals endothelial inflammation as a common mechanism for stroke and coronary artery disease treatment of Danhong injection

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2017

Although Danhong injection (DHI) is the most widely prescribed Chinese medicine for both stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD), its underlying common molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An integrated network pharmacology experimental verification approach was used to decipher pharmacological of DHI on CAD treatment. A compound-target-disease & function-pathway constructed analyzed, indicating that 37 ingredients derived from DH (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Flos Carthami tinctorii DHI) modulated 68 targets shared by CAD. In-depth analysis results top diseases, functions, pathways upstream regulators implied a mechanism linking DHI's role in treatment inflammatory response process atherosclerosis. Experimentally, exerted comprehensive anti-inflammatory effects LPS, ox-LDL or cholesterol crystal-induced NF-κB, c-jun p38 activation, as well IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 secretion vascular endothelial cells. Ten 14 predicted were verified have significant activities LPS-induced inflammation. exerts efficacies through multi-ingredient, multi-target, multi-function multi-pathway mode. Anti-endothelial inflammation therapy serves mechanism. This study provides new understanding clinical application cardiovascular cerebrovascular diseases.

Language: Английский

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