Hippocampal Vascular Supply and Its Role in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Stroke, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(3), P. 673 - 685

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

The incidence of age-related dementia is increasing as the world population ages and due to lack effective treatments for dementia. Vascular contributions cognitive impairment are prevalence pathologies associated with cerebrovascular disease rise, including chronic hypertension, diabetes, ischemic stroke. hippocampus a bilateral deep brain structure that central learning, memory, function highly susceptible hypoxic/ischemic injury. Compared cortical regions such somatosensory cortex, less known about hippocampal vasculature critical in maintaining neurocognitive health. This review focuses on vascular supply, presenting what hemodynamics blood-brain barrier during health disease, discusses evidence supports its contribution Understanding vascular-mediated injury contributes memory dysfunction healthy aging essential develop slow decline. may represent one therapeutic target mitigate epidemic.

Language: Английский

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Genetic analyses identify brain structures related to cognitive impairment associated with elevated blood pressure

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(23), P. 2114 - 2125

Published: March 27, 2023

Abstract Background and aims Observational studies have linked elevated blood pressure (BP) to impaired cognitive function. However, the functional structural changes in brain that mediate relationship between BP elevation impairment remain unknown. Using observational genetic data from large consortia, this study aimed identify structures potentially associated with values Methods results Data on were integrated 3935 magnetic resonance imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) function defined by fluid intelligence score. analyses performed UK Biobank a prospective validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation (MR) used derived Biobank, International Consortium for Blood Pressure, COGENT consortium. analysis identified adverse causal effect of higher systolic [−0.044 standard deviation (SD); 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.066, −0.021] MR estimate strengthening (−0.087 SD; CI −0.132, −0.042), when further adjusted diastolic BP. found 242, 168, 68 IDPs showing significant (false discovery rate P < 0.05) association BP, pulse pressure, respectively. Most these inversely showed concordant effects relationships nine BP-associated IDPs, including anterior thalamic radiation, corona radiata, or external capsule. Conclusion Complementary which may be responsible hypertension performance.

Language: Английский

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Associations between mental health, blood pressure and the development of hypertension

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

Abstract Multiple studies have reported a link between mental health and high blood pressure with mixed or even contradictory findings. Here, we resolve those contradictions further dissect the cross-sectional longitudinal relationship health, systolic pressure, hypertension using extensive psychological, medical neuroimaging data from UK Biobank. We show that higher is associated fewer depressive symptoms, greater well-being, lower emotion-related brain activity. Interestingly, impending poorer years before HTN diagnosed. In addition, stronger baseline association better was observed in individuals who develop until follow-up. Overall, our findings offer insights on complex hypertension, suggesting that—via baroreceptor mechanisms reinforcement learning—the of may ultimately contribute to development hypertension.

Language: Английский

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Hypertension, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Decline

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 991 - 1007

Published: March 1, 2024

Elevated blood pressure is a well-established risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. Long linked to impairment on vascular bases, increasing evidence suggests potential association of hypertension with the neurodegenerative pathology underlying Alzheimer disease. Hypertension well known disrupt structural and functional integrity cerebral vasculature. However, mechanisms by which these alterations lead brain damage, enhance pathology, promote remain be established. Furthermore, critical questions concerning whether lowering antihypertensive medications prevents have not been answered. Recent developments in neurovascular biology, imaging, epidemiology, as new clinical trials, provided insights into issues. In particular, basic findings link between dysfunction pathobiology neurodegeneration shed light overlap pathology. this review, we will examine progress made relationship and, after evaluation evidence, attempt identify remaining knowledge gaps future research directions that may advance our understanding one leading health challenges time.

Language: Английский

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Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 3696 - 3696

Published: April 1, 2024

Создание руководства поддержано Советом по терапевтическим наукам отделения клинической медицины Российской академии наук.

Language: Русский

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The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia pose a significant global health, social, economic challenge. While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has historically been viewed as the leading cause of dementia, recent evidence reveals considerable impact vascular (VCID), which now accounts for nearly half all cases. The Mediterranean diet—characterized by high consumption fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil—has widely recognized its cardiovascular benefits may also reduce risk decline dementia. To investigate protective effects diet on we conducted systematic literature review using PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, focusing studies published between 2000 2024. included in meta-nalysis examined adherence to incidence AD. We applied random-effects model calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed heterogeneity through I -square statistics. Forest plots, funnel Z -score plots were used visualize study outcomes. Of 324 full-text records reviewed, 23 met inclusion criteria. combined HR among those adhering was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.89); 0.89 0.83–0.95); AD, 0.70 0.60–0.82), indicating substantial effects. Significant observed across studies, though suggested sufficient sample sizes support reliable conclusions each condition. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms that is associated an 11–30% reduction age-related disorders, including impairment, These findings underscore diet’s potential central element neuroprotective public health strategies mitigate promote healthier aging.

Language: Английский

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Associations of Central Arterial Stiffness With Brain White Matter Integrity and Gray Matter Volume in MRI Across the Adult Lifespan

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Background Central arterial stiffening is associated with brain white matter (WM) damage and gray (GM) volume loss in older adults, but little known about this association from an adult lifespan perspective. Purpose To investigate the associations of central stiffness WM microstructural organization, lesion load, cortical thickness, GM healthy adults across lifespan. Study Type This a cross‐sectional study. Subjects A total 173 (22–81 years) were included Field Strength/Sequence 3‐T, T1‐weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE), single‐shot echo‐planar imaging diffusion‐weighted, T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Assessment The participants underwent measurements using carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), diffusion tensor (DTI) to measure whole‐brain organization free water (FW) FW‐corrected fractional anisotropy (FA COR ), FLAIR hyperintensities (WMH), MPRAGE thickness volume. age cfPWV MRI measures assessed. Statistical Tests Linear regression models examine age, cfPWV, × interaction after adjusting for sex, education, intracranial (ICV) (voxel‐wise cluster threshold P < 0.05). understand direction result, sample was stratified into lower higher groups median split cfPWV. Results Age interactions observed FW, WMH volume, ( 0.01) such that positive slopes between higher, while negative those who had relative Data Conclusion may accelerate age‐related deteriorations structure Plain Language Summary adults. We extended investigation perspective by examining age. 172 applanation tonometry measurement MRI. deterioration structure. These results suggest importance maintaining vascular health slow structural changes Level Evidence 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 5

Language: Английский

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Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due pronounced neurocognitive such brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing central role cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological contributing cerebrovascular dysfunction in long and their impacts on health. We discuss how endothelial tropism direct vascular trigger dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood–brain barrier disruption, resulting compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, appears induce mitochondrial enhancing oxidative stress inflammation within cells. Autoantibody formation following also potentially exacerbates injury, chronic ongoing compromise. These factors collectively contribute emergence white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. emphasizes critical advanced imaging techniques assessing health need for targeted interventions address complications. A deeper understanding essential advance treatments mitigate its long-term consequences.

Language: Английский

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Adiponectin and Cognitive Decline

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 2010 - 2010

Published: March 16, 2020

Adiponectin (ADPN) is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue showing pleiotropic effects with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially, it was thought that the main role only metabolism control. Later, ADPN receptors were also found in central nervous system (CNS). In fact, AdipoR1 AdipoR2 are expressed various areas of brain, including hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex. While regulates insulin sensitivity through activation AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway, stimulates neural plasticity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway inhibits inflammation oxidative stress. Overall, based on its peripheral actions, appears to have neuroprotective reducing inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive (PCR), interleukin 6 (IL6), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFa). Conversely, high levels cascade factors appear inhibit production ADPN, suggesting bidirectional modulation. addition, insulin-sensitizing action. It known reduction signaling associated cognitive impairment. Based this, great interest investigate mechanism restoration signal brain an action because useful for testing possible pharmacological treatment improvement decline. Anyway, if neuronal functioning performances glycemic metabolic remains poorly explored. Moreover, although still unclear, women compared men doubled risk developing Several studies supported during menopausal transition, estrogen can adversely affect particular, verbal memory fluency. During postmenopausal period, obese insulin-resistant individuals, serum significantly reduced. Our recent study has evaluated relationship between women. Thus, aim this review summarize both mechanisms performances,

Language: Английский

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Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 24, 2019

Background Research links blood pressure variability ( BPV ) with stroke; however, the association cerebral small‐vessel disease CSVD remains unclear. As and mean are interrelated, it uncertain whether adds additional information to understanding cerebrovascular morphological characteristics. Methods Results A systematic review was performed from inception until March 3, 2019. Eligibility criteria included population, adults without stroke (<4 weeks); exposure, quantified by any metric over duration; comparison, (1) low versus high or (2) people ; outcomes, as subcortical infarct, lacunae, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces; standardized difference in . total of 27 articles were meta‐analyzed, comprising 12 309 unique brain scans. 31 odds ratios OR s) pooled, indicating that higher systolic associated for OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14–1.42; I 2 =85%) independent pressure. Likewise, diastolic 1.30; 1.14–1.48; =53%) There no evidence a pairwise interaction between systolic/diastolic /mean s P =0.47), nor =0.58). Fifty‐four differences pooled provided similar results =0.38) =0.70). Conclusions On basis available studies, However, more high‐quality longitudinal data required elucidate contributes variance

Language: Английский

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