Incidence of new-onset hypertension before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study in a large population

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract Background While the augmented incidence of diabetes after COVID-19 has been widely confirmed, controversial results are available on risk developing hypertension during pandemic. Methods We designed a longitudinal cohort study to analyze closed followed up over 7-year period, i.e., 3 years before and pandemic, 2023, when pandemic was declared be over. analyzed medical records more than 200,000 adults obtained from cooperative primary physicians January 1, 2017, December 31, 2023. The main outcome new diagnosis hypertension. Results evaluated 202,163 individuals in pre-pandemic 190,743 years, totaling 206,857 including 2023 data. rate 2.11 (95% C.I. 2.08–2.15) per 100 person-years 2017–2019, increasing 5.20 5.14–5.26) period 2020–2022 (RR = 2.46), 6.76 6.64–6.88) marked difference trends between first two successive observation periods substantiated by fitted regression lines Poisson models conducted monthly log-incidence Conclusions detected significant increase new-onset which at end affected ~ 20% studied cohort, percentage higher infection within same time frame. This suggests that increased attention screening should not limited who aware having contracted but extended entire population.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis

Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: Following the roll-out of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) injections in United States, millions individuals have reported adverse events (AEs) using vaccine reports system (VAERS). The objective this analysis is to describe myocarditis data VAERS COVID-19 vaccines as potential determinants myocarditis. Methods: We used examine frequency reporting since beginning mass vaccination campaign compared with historical values administration from Our World Data database. examined context sex, age, dose. Statistical was done Student’s t-test determine statistically significant differences between ages among chi-square test relationships categorical variables statistical significance. Results: found number after 2021 223 times higher than average all combined for past 30 years. This represented a 2500% increase absolute first year when comparing prior 2021. Demographic revealed that occurred most youths (50%) males (69%). A total 76% cases resulted emergency care hospitalization. Of reports, 92 died (3%). Myocarditis more likely dose 2 ( p < 0.00001) less years age were older acquire 0.00001). Conclusion: strongly associated serious safety signal myocarditis, particularly children young adults resulting hospitalization death. Further investigation into underlying mechanisms vaccine-induced imperative create effective mitigation strategies ensure programs across populations.

Language: Английский

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Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(12), P. 1767 - 1790

Published: June 6, 2024

Autoimmunity significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis, underscored by its increased frequency in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis. Even cases myocarditis caused viral infections, dysregulated immune responses contribute pathogenesis. However, whether triggered existing conditions or precise antigens immunologic pathways driving remain incompletely understood. The emergence associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy, commonly used for treating cancer, has afforded an opportunity understand mechanisms autoreactive T cells specific cardiac myosin playing a pivotal role. Despite their self-antigen recognition, myosin-specific can be present healthy individuals due bypassing thymic selection stage. In recent studies, novel modalities suppressing activity pathogenic including have proven effective myocarditis. This review offers overview current understanding heart antigens, autoantibodies, underlying various forms along latest updates on clinical management prospects future research.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial extracellular vesicles, autoimmunity and myocarditis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 14, 2024

For many decades viral infections have been suspected as ‘triggers’ of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur difficult to establish. Recent studies shown that are commonly associated with myocarditis and other diseases such coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) SARS-CoV-2 target mitochondria released from cells in mitochondrial vesicles able activate the innate immune response. Studies Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inflammasome pathway activated by components. Autoreactivity against cardiac myosin heart-specific responses after infection viruses where heart is not primary site (e.g., CVB3, SARS-CoV-2) may because has highest density body. Evidence exists autoantibodies antigens patients dilated cardiomyopathy. Defects tolerance like regulator gene (AIRE) further increase likelihood autoreactivity leading disease. The focus review summarize current literature regarding role production extracellular containing virus development myocarditis.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(18)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Autoimmune diseases are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Most autoimmune occur more often in women than men, with rheumatic being among those most highly expressed women. Several key factors, identified mainly animal models and cell culture experiments, important increasing disease females. These include sex hormones, immune genes including found on the X chromosome, sex-specific epigenetic effects by estrogen environment, regulation messenger RNA microRNAs extracellular vesicles. Evidence is also emerging that viruses as well drugs or toxins damage mitochondria may contribute to increased levels autoantibodies against nuclear mitochondrial antigens, which common many diseases. The purpose this Review summarize our current understanding mechanisms determine differences disease.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Disease—Risks, Prevention and Management: Heart at Risk Due to COVID-19

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 1904 - 1920

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have had devastating lasting impact on global population. Although main target of disease is respiratory tract, clinical outcomes, research also shown significant effects infection other organ systems. Of interest in this review effect cardiovascular system. Complications, including hyperinflammatory syndrome, myocarditis, cardiac failure, been documented context infection. These complications ultimately contribute to worse patient especially patients with pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or (CVD). Importantly interestingly, reports demonstrated that causes myocardial injury adults without contributes systemic pediatric populations, development multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS-C). there still a debate over exact mechanisms by which arise, understanding potential paths can influence system create an environment may clarify how interacts human physiology. In addition describing propagation presentation, discusses diagnostic findings treatment strategies evolution management for presenting complications, focusing prevention.

Language: Английский

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Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis

International Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 404, P. 131901 - 131901

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Safety and reactogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine: Development, post-marketing surveillance, and real-world data

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to urgent actions innovators, vaccine developers, regulators, and other stakeholders ensure public access protective vaccines while maintaining regulatory agency standards. Although development timelines for against SARS-CoV-2 were much quicker than standard timelines, requirements efficacy safety evaluations, including the volume quality of data collected, upheld. Rolling review processes supported sponsors authorities enabled rapid assessment clinical as well emergency use authorization. Post-authorization pharmacovigilance activities quantity breadth post-marketing information quickly exceed that generated from trials. This paper reviews reactogenicity BNT162 candidates, BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) bivalent variant-adapted vaccines, preclinical studies, trials, surveillance, real-world an unprecedentedly large body independent evidence.

Language: Английский

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Cardiac Involvement Due to COVID-19: Insights from Imaging and Histopathology

European Cardiology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Lingering cardiac symptoms are increasingly recognised complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, now referred to as post-acute cardiovascular sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). In the phase, injury is driven by cytokine release and stems from ischaemic thrombotic complications, resulting in myocardial necrosis. Patients with pre-existing conditions particularly vulnerable. Myocarditis due a direct viral infection rare. Chronic relate either worsening heart disease (PASC – disease) or delayed chronic inflammatory condition heterogenous immune dysregulation syndrome), latter affecting broad segment previously well people. Both PASC presentations associated increased risk, long-term disability reduced quality life. The recognition management clinical settings remains considerable challenge. Sensitive diagnostic methods needed detect subtler changes that underlie persistent syndrome, alongside experience conditions.

Language: Английский

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High rates of myocarditis with clozapine in the Hunter region of Australia

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 543 - 548

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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