Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 291(6), P. 779 - 800

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Abstract The available evidence on the effects of ambient air pollution cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased substantially. In this umbrella review, we summarized current epidemiological from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses linking CVDs, with a focus geographical differences vulnerable subpopulations. We performed search strategy through multiple databases including articles between 2010 31 January 2021. quality assessment evaluated strength evidence. Of 56 included reviews, most studied outcomes were stroke (22 reviews), all‐cause CVD mortality, morbidity (19). strongest was found higher short‐ long‐term exposure mortality morbidity, stroke, blood pressure, ischemic heart (IHD). Short‐term exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), <10 10 nitrogen oxides (NO x ) consistently associated risks hypertension triggering myocardial infarction (MI), (fatal nonfatal). Long‐term PM largely risk atherosclerosis, incident MI, hypertension, mortality. Few other arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, or failure but they generally reported positive statistical associations. Stronger associations in Asian countries subpopulations, especially among elderly, cardiac patients, people weight status. Consistent experimental data, comprehensive review strong that levels increase IHD. These results emphasize importance reducing alarming across globe, Asia,

Language: Английский

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Global urban temporal trends in fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and attributable health burdens: estimates from global datasets

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e139 - e146

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

With much of the world's population residing in urban areas, an understanding air pollution exposures at city level can inform mitigation approaches. Previous studies global have not considered trends pollutant concentrations nor corresponding attributable mortality burdens. We aimed to estimate fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and associated for cities globally.We use high-resolution annual average PM2·5 concentrations, epidemiologically derived concentration response functions, country-level baseline disease rates population-weighted cause-specific 13 160 centres between years 2000 2019.Although regional averages decreased 2019, we found considerable heterogeneity areas. Approximately 86% (2·5 billion inhabitants) inhabitants lived areas that exceeded WHO's 2005 guideline (10 μg/m3), resulting excess 1·8 million (95% CI 1·34 million-2·3 million) deaths 2019. Regional PM2·5-attributable increased all regions except Europe Americas, driven by changes numbers, age structures, rates. In some cities, despite decreases from shifting distributions non-communicable disease.Our study showed that, most with unhealthy levels PM2·5, leading substantial contributions Our results highlight avoiding large public health burden will require strategies reduce exposure through emissions mitigation, as well vulnerability improving overall health.NASA, Wellcome Trust.

Language: Английский

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Pollution and the Heart

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 385(20), P. 1881 - 1892

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

ardiovascular diseases are the world's leading cause of disability and death.Such were responsible in 2019 for an estimated 18.6 million deaths globally 957,000 United States. 1,2reat gains have been made reducing incidence cardiovascular disease related mortality high-income countries.Identification risk factors such as tobacco use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, diabetes large, prospective, multiyear epidemiologic studies has key.Recognition these increased awareness diseases, enhanced early detection, guided treatment prevention.These advances contributed to more than a 50% decline from States since 1950. 3ollution -unwanted material released into environment by human activity -is another important yet often overlooked factor (Fig. 1). 4 The Global Burden Disease (GBD) study estimates that pollution was 9 worldwide 2019, 61.9% which due disease, including ischemic heart (31.7%) stroke (27.7%) 2A). 1 These numbers, large they are, almost certainly undercount full contribution global burden because based on only subset environmental factors. 4ntil now, reduction received scant attention programs control largely absent guidelines regarding prevention focused exclusively individual behavioral metabolic 5This is omission, incorporation could save millions lives.In this review, we summarize current evidence linking suggest evidence-based strategies prevention.We discuss exposure persons but argue lasting pollution-related can be achieved through government-supported interventions societal scale at its source encourage rapid transition clean energy.We note actions will also slow pace climate change thus produce double benefit.Only multipronged strategy combines with epidemic contained. A ir Pollu tionAir complex mixture varies concentration composition according time place greatly influenced weather. 5,6It includes particulate gaseous primary pollutants nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, directly atmosphere,

Language: Английский

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Climate change and cardiovascular disease: implications for global health

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 798 - 812

Published: June 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive expert review

Cardiovascular Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(14), P. 2880 - 2902

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year and thus the main contributors to global burden of disease accounting 70% mortality. The majority these deaths caused by cardiovascular (CVD). risk NCDs is strongly associated with exposure environmental stressors such as pollutants in air, noise exposure, artificial light at night, climate change, including heat extremes, desert storms, wildfires. In addition traditional factors CVD diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, genetic predisposition, there a growing body evidence showing that physicochemical environment contribute significantly high NCD numbers. Furthermore, urbanization accumulation intensification stressors. This comprehensive expert review will summarize epidemiology pathophysiology focus on NCDs. We also discuss solutions mitigation measures lower impact CVD.

Language: Английский

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Gene–environment interactions and their impact on human health

Genes and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 1 - 11

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Abstract The molecular processes underlying human health and disease are highly complex. Often, genetic environmental factors contribute to a given or phenotype in non-additive manner, yielding gene–environment (G × E) interaction. In this work, we broadly review current knowledge on the impact of interactions health. We first explain independent variation environment. next detail well-established G E that involving toxicants, pollution, viruses, sex chromosome composition. conclude with possibilities challenges for studying interactions.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Effects of Particulate Air Pollution

Annual Review of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 393 - 406

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), produced by the combustion fossil fuels, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exposure to PM has been linked increases in blood pressure, thrombosis, and insulin resistance. It also induces vascular injury accelerates atherogenesis. Results from animal models corroborate epidemiological evidence suggest that effects may be attributable, part, oxidative stress, inflammation, activation autonomic nervous system. Although underlying mechanisms remain unclear, there robust long-term exposure associated with premature mortality due heart failure, stoke, ischemic

Language: Английский

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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is a risk factor for trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective study in the UK Biobank

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 104282 - 104282

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Although air pollution has been frequently linked to a range of cardiometabolic diseases, its association with the onset, progression, and prognosis multimorbidity (CMM) never studied.We conducted this prospective analysis based on UK Biobank cohort. CMM was defined as coexistence at least two including type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease stroke. Multi-state model used analyze between trajectory CMM.410,494 middle- old-age participants were included. During median follow-up 12.0 years, 56,877 developed first (FCMD), 8616 CMM, 22,423 died. The risks transitions from baseline FCMD, FCMD all-cause mortality increased by 3% (2%, 5%), (1%, 6%), 5% 7%) 2% (-1%, respectively, per interquartile increase fine particulate matter. corresponding increases 6% (3%, 9%), 4% 10%), for nitrogen dioxide. Older participants, males, individuals excessive alcohol drinking lower economic levels more likely experience these risks.Air exposures could play important roles in almost all transition phases development. Our results highlight clean an upstream approach mitigate both initiation progression especially vulnerable populations.Shanghai Municipal Science Technology Commission (21TQ015); National Natural Foundation China (92143301 92043301).

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 2656 - 2656

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads acute CVD-associated and nonfatal events, whereas long-term increases risk death reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact system provide information mechanisms which it contribute CVDs. We an overview PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related mitochondria, hazardous biological effects. elaborate association between CVD development examine preventive measures future strategies combating PM2.5-related adverse The insights gained can critical guidelines preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity slowing climate change.

Language: Английский

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Particulate Matter Air Pollution is a Significant Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Current Problems in Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 102094 - 102094

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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