The Role of the Human Cerebellum for Learning from and Processing of External Feedback in Non-Motor Learning: A Systematic Review

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 1532 - 1551

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract This review aimed to systematically identify and comprehensively the role of cerebellum in performance monitoring, focusing on learning from processing external feedback non-motor learning. While 1078 articles were screened for eligibility, ultimately 36 studies included which was delivered cognitive tasks referenced cerebellum. These patient populations with cerebellar damage healthy subjects applying neuroimaging. Learning patients different diseases heterogeneous, only about half all showing alterations. One study using EEG demonstrated that associated altered neural feedback. Studies assessing brain activity task-based fMRI or PET one resting-state functional imaging investigated connectivity changes following feedback-based participants revealed involvement particularly lateral posterior regions Cerebellar found at stages, e.g., during anticipation onset stimuli, substantiating cerebellum’s relevance aspects monitoring such as prediction. Future research will need further elucidate precisely how , where, when modulates prediction information, subregions are relevant, what extent alter these processes.

Language: Английский

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Impaired reinforcement learning and coding of prediction errors in patients with cerebellar degeneration - a study with EEG and voxel-based morphometry

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2025

Abstract This study investigated cerebellar involvement in reinforcement learning and prediction error (RL-PE) processing. Participants with pure degeneration demographically matched healthy controls performed a probabilistic feedback-based task while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Structural magnetic resonance imaging used to quantify gray matter volume (GMV). Data from 21 25 control participants were included the analysis. We aimed determine if impaired patients relative controls, single-trial RL-PEs reflected FRN, P3a, P3b event-related potential (ERP) controls. Analysis of behavioral data revealed no differences accuracy between Crucially, ERP analysis that, coding found FRN P3a for positive negative feedback, these effects absent patients. Voxel-based morphometry widely distributed GMV reduction patients, most pronounced bilateral Crus I/ II lobules I-IV. Multiple regressions correlation I amplitudes. The present extends previous evidence RL-PE processing humans advances our understanding cerebellum’s role performance monitoring adaptive behavior.

Language: Английский

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Early Adversity Affects Cerebellar Structure and Function—A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies

Developmental Psychobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66(7)

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

ABSTRACT Recent research has highlighted cerebellar involvement in cognition and several psychiatric conditions such as mood anxiety disorders schizophrenia. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum have been linked to reduced volume well. Cerebellar alterations are frequently present after early adversity humans animals, but a systematic integration of results is lacking. To this end, literature search was conducted PubMed, Web Science, EBSCO databases using the keywords “early OR life stress” AND “cerebellum cerebellar.” A total 45 publications met inclusion criteria: 25 studies investigated human subjects 20 reported from animal models. Findings healthy show bilateral reduction decreased functional connectivity within cerebellum between frontal regions throughout life, especially when assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In clinical populations, adults demonstrate increased adversity, whereas pediatric patients volume. Animal findings reveal without necessarily co‐occurring pathological behavior, highlighting stress hormone receptor levels, cell density, neuroinflammation markers. robust across occur independent symptoms.

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum contributes to prediction error coding in reinforcement learning - complementary evidence from stroke patients and from cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation

Published: May 22, 2024

To survive and thrive in our ever-changing environment, we need to be able predict the consequences of actions. We update these predictions by learning through trial error, associated prediction errors (PEs). Recent rodent data suggest that cerebellum – a region typically with processing sensory PEs supervised error-based also processes reinforcement (RL-PEs; i.e., from action outcomes). A proxy outcome regions traditionally RL-PE coding, such as striatum anterior cingulate cortex, can measured component feedback-locked event-related potential (ERP), feedback-related negativity (FRN). tested hypothesis cerebellar output is necessary for this coding FRN probabilistic feedback task. In case, altered should result changes FRN. Two complementary experiments were performed. First, patients chronic stroke tested. Second, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied healthy participants, thus implementing virtual lesion approach. Different controls control (vertex) TMS, no significant observed stroke, participants receiving TMS. Only minor deficits behavioural flexibility found, success preserved, possibly due compensation other brain areas within network. Findings both show frontal depends on output. Our results provide evidence involvement RL-PEs humans, complementing extending previous findings rodents.

Language: Английский

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Early adversity affects cerebellar structure and function – A systematic review of human and animal studies

Published: March 7, 2024

Recent research has highlighted cerebellar involvement in cognition and several psychiatric conditions such as mood anxiety disorders schizophrenia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum have been linked to reduced volume well. Cerebellar alterations are frequently present after early adversity humans animals, but a systematic integration of results is lacking. To this end, literature search was conducted PubMed, Web Science, EBSCO databases using the keywords “early OR life stress” AND “cerebellum cerebellar.” A total 45 publications met inclusion criteria: 25 studies investigated human subjects 20 reported from animal models. Findings healthy show bilateral reduction decreased functional connectivity within cerebellum between frontal regions throughout life, especially when assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In clinical populations, adults demonstrate increased adversity, whereas pediatric patients volume. Animal findings reveal without necessarily co-occurring pathological behavior, highlighting stress hormone receptor levels, cell density, neuroinflammation markers. robust across occur independent symptoms.

Language: Английский

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The Past, Current and Future Research in Cerebellar TMS Evoked Responses—A Narrative Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 432 - 432

Published: April 26, 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a novel technique to investigate cortical physiology in health and disease. The cerebellum has recently gained attention as possible new hotspot the field of TMS-EEG, several reports published recently. However, EEG responses obtained by cerebellar vary considerably across literature, possibly due different experimental methods. Compared conventional which involves cortex, TMS-EEG presents some technical difficulties, including strong muscle twitches neck area loud TMS click when double-cone coils are used, resulting contamination electromyographic activity sensory potentials. Understanding difficulties limitations essential for development research. In this review, we summarize findings studies, highlighting design potential issues that can result discrepancies between outcomes. Lastly, propose direction academic clinical research TMS-EEG.

Language: Английский

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Differential Effects of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation over the Bilateral and Unilateral Cerebellum on Working Memory

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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