Latitudinal variation in body size in Fejervarya limnocharis supports the inverse of Bergmann’s rule

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 113 - 128

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract Bergmann’s rule states that within a species of endotherms smaller individuals are found in warmer conditions, which is consistent for nearly all endotherms, while ectotherms body size patterns less consistent. As ectothermic vertebrates, the morphology amphibians likely impacted by climatic conditions. Here, we examined latitudinal variation ranid frog, Fejervarya limnocharis , based on literature and our own data mean 3637 from 50 populations average age 2873 40 China. The results showed was positively correlated with environmental temperature, but not precipitation. Body negatively latitude among this species, supported inverse rule. Our findings suggest larger low-latitude associated longer growing season related to higher temperature.

Language: Английский

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Brain size evolution in anurans: a review

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 265 - 279

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Abstract Selection pressure is an important force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate brain size among populations within species as well between species. The tightly linked to natural and sexual selection, life-history traits. In particular, increased environmental stress, intensity slower life history usually result enlarged brains. However, although previous studies have addressed causes evolution, no systematic reviews been conducted explain anurans. Here, we review whether supports cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH), expensive tissue (ETH), or developmental cost (DCH) by analyzing intraspecific and/or interspecific patterns regions (i.e., olfactory nerves, bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum) associated with ecological factors (habitat, diet predator risk), selection intensity, traits (age at maturity, mean age, longevity, clutch egg size, testis sperm length), other energetic organs. Our findings suggest that anurans CBH, ETH DCH. We also future directions for studying relationships crypsis ordinary mucous glands skin), food alteration different stages.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the role of body size, ecology, and behavior in anuran eye size evolution

Evolutionary Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 585 - 598

Published: June 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Variation in somatic condition and testis mass in Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 277 - 288

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract The competition for fertilization among sperm from different males can drive variation in male reproductive investments. However, the mechanisms shaping allocation and resulting variations investment relative to environmental variables such as resource availability male-male remain poorly known frogs. Here, we investigated inter-population somatic condition testis mass across four populations of swelled vent frog Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient. We found that did not increase with altitude, which was inconsistent previous predictions latitude and/or altitude should result decreased production anurans due shortened breeding seasons decline availability. also no male/female operational sex ratio altitude. exhibited a positive correlation mass, indicated condition-dependent size F. . Moreover, increasing suggest increased intensity competition, thereby mass.

Language: Английский

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No evidence for the expensive-tissue hypothesis in Fejervarya limnocharis

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 265 - 276

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract Because the brain is one of energetically most expensive organs animals, trade-offs have been hypothesized to exert constraints on size evolution. The expensive-tissue hypothesis predicts that cost a large should be compensated by decreasing other metabolically costly tissues, such as gut. Here, we analyzed relationships between relative and tissues (i.e., gut, heart, lung, kidney, liver, spleen or limb muscles) among four Fejervarya limnocharis populations test predictions hypothesis. We did not find was negatively correlated with gut length after controlling for body size, which inconsistent prediction also negative correlations mass organs. Our findings suggest brains in F. cannot tissues.

Language: Английский

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Altitudinal implications in organ size in the Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 365 - 376

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Abstract Phenotypic flexibility of morphological and physiological traits within species is a common phenomenon across animal taxa. Hesse’s rule predicts that the size an organ should exhibit increase with increasing altitude along environmental gradients due to changes in oxygen supply energy demands. Here, we test prediction by investigating geographical variation relative organs (i.e., heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) ten populations Bufo andrewsi gradient. We found these four specific did not or latitude all populations. also find increased among six located at similar longitude, which inconsistent rule. Our findings suggest demands do necessarily affect

Language: Английский

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Brain size variation along altitudinal gradients in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 3015 - 3027

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Abstract Size changes in brain and regions along altitudinal gradients provide insight into the trade‐off between energetic expenditure cognitive capacity. We investigated size variations of Asiatic Toad ( Bufo gargarizans ) across altitudes from 700 m to 3,200 m. A total 325 individuals 11 sites two transects were sampled. To reduce confounding factors, all sampling within each transect a maximum distance 85 km an difference close 2,000 Brains dissected, five both measured directly with 3D CT scan. There is significant negative correlation relative whole‐brain volume (to snout‐vent length) altitude. Furthermore, volumes volume) optic tectum cerebellum also decrease gradients, while telencephalon increases its gradients. Therefore, our results are mostly consistent expensive hypothesis functional constraint hypothesis. suggest that most current hypotheses not mutually exclusive data supporting one often partially others. More studies on mechanisms needed explain evolution natural populations.

Language: Английский

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Cerebellum size is positively correlated with geographic distribution range in anurans

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 309 - 320

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract The ‘cognitive buffer’ hypothesis predicts that the costs of relatively large brains are compensated for later in life by increased benefits providing a higher chance survival under changing environments through flexible behaviors animal kingdom. Thus, animals live larger range (with probability environmental variation) expected to have than those restricted geographic range. Here, test prediction should be occur species living ranges size, we analyzed relationship between size and brain various regions among 42 anurans using phylogenetic comparative methods. results show there is no correlation relative species’ when correcting effects body size. Our findings suggest cognitive buffer energetic constraints on result non-significant variation overall However, positively correlated with cerebellum but not optic tecta, suggesting distributed wider do exhibit tecta which would provide behavioral flexibility allow an early escape from potential predators discovery new food resources unpredictable environments.

Language: Английский

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Testis Size Variation and Its Environmental Correlates in Andrew’s Toad (Bufo andrewsi)

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(21), P. 3011 - 3011

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Reproductive investments influenced by environmental conditions vary extensively among geographically distinct populations. However, investigations of patterns intraspecific variation in male reproductive and the mechanisms shaping this anurans remain scarce. Here, we focused on testis size 14 populations Andrew's toad Bufo andrewsi, a species with weak dispersal ability but wide distribution southwestern China, to establish whether investment varies an gradient. Our analysis revealed significant relative across populations, positive correlation between body condition. We, however, found no geographic trends explaining variability size. The did not increase increasing latitude or altitude. We also relationship rainfall, negative coefficient temperature, larger testes under stable environments. These findings suggest that decreased may be consequence harsher fluctuating conditions.

Language: Английский

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Color Discrimination Provides Insight into the Relationship between Personality Cognition and Brain Morphology in the Western Mosquitofish (<b><i>Gambusia affinis</i></b>)

Brain Behavior and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(5), P. 274 - 283

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Recent studies on the differences in cognitive ability between individuals focused two aspects: one is whether individual are related to brain size, other they pertain certain personality traits. To explore these hypotheses, we tested traits, abilities, and volumes of western mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia affinis</i>). First, a color preference test was conducted select unbiased colors for <i>G. affinis</i> subsequent tests. The results showed that had great red green yellow blue; therefore, red-green combination selected study abilities. Then, explored relationship among cognition, personality, morphology through abilities tests, volume measurements. We found there trade-off morphology. For example, more active food faster, but also poor memory; Those with larger corpus cerebelli were bolder while less likely find food; faster smaller inferior lobe. provides reliable way selecting behavioral affinis</i>. Meanwhile, our indicates exists balance mechanism

Language: Английский

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