IMI 2023 Digest

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(6), P. 7 - 7

Published: May 1, 2023

Myopia is a dynamic and rapidly moving field, with ongoing research providing better understanding of the etiology leading to novel myopia control strategies. In 2019, International Institute (IMI) assembled published series white papers across relevant topics updated evidence digest in 2021. Here, we summarize findings key from previous 2 years. Studies animal models have continued explore how wavelength intensity light influence eye growth examined new pharmacologic agents scleral cross-linking as potential strategies for slowing myopia. children, term premyopia gaining interest increased attention early implementation control. Most studies use IMI definitions ≤-0.5 diopters (D) ≤-6.0 D high myopia, although categorization structural consequences remain an issue. Clinical trials demonstrated that newer spectacle lens designs incorporating multiple segments, lenslets, or diffusion optics exhibit good efficacy. considerations factors influencing efficacy soft multifocal contact lenses orthokeratology are discussed. Topical atropine remains only widely accessible treatment. Rebound observed higher concentration not evident lower concentrations optical interventions. Overall, treatments show little adverse effect on visual function appear generally safe, longer wear times combination therapies maximizing outcomes. An emerging category light-based children requires comprehensive safety data enable risk versus benefit analysis. Given success strategies, ethics including arm clinical heavily debated. recommendations trial protocols

Language: Английский

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Assessing the rebound phenomenon in different myopia control treatments: A systematic review

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 270 - 279

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Purpose To review the rebound effect after cessation of different myopia control treatments. Methods A systematic that included full‐length randomised controlled studies (RCTs), as well post‐hoc analyses RCTs reporting new findings on treatments in two databases, PubMed and Web Science, was performed according to PRISMA statement. The search period between 15 June 2023 30 2023. Cochrane risk bias tool used analyse quality selected studies. Results total 11 were this review. Unifying effects all treatments, mean for axial length (AL) spherical equivalent refraction (SER) 0.10 ± 0.07 mm [−0.02 0.22] −0.27 0.2 D [−0.71 −0.03] 10.2 7.4 months washout, respectively. In addition, spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets or defocus incorporated multiple segments technology, soft multifocal contact lenses orthokeratology showed lower compared atropine low‐level light therapy, a AL SER 0.04 [0 0.08] −0.13 [−0.05 −0.2], Conclusions It appears produce their cessation. Specifically, optical seem less than pharmacological therapies. However, more are required confirm these results.

Language: Английский

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The whole life cycle myopia management

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100161 - 100161

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Myopia stands as a prevalent ocular condition with global implications, impacting individuals at various life stages. In school-age children and adolescents, uncorrected myopia impedes reading academic performance. Among middle-aged elderly populations, poses severe risks such macular degeneration, holes retinal detachment, leading to irreversible visual impairment. The term "myopia management" is widely embraced by ophthalmic practitioners optometry associations worldwide, encompassing strategies correct refractive errors ongoing assessment of disease progression, aiming reduce the progression axial elongation. To date, current management for include public health policies, optical solutions, medical interventions surgical options, but these are general lack age specificity. Despite existing interventions, we propose concept "Whole Life Cycle Management" in this review. This approach outlined major risk factors through whole cycle, discussed provided age-specific eight different stages-infancies, toddlers, preschoolers, children, young adults, middle-age old-age, including prevention onset, slowing monitoring complications. Achieving requires collaborations efforts from government, schools, hospitals families, restore vision enhance quality those affected myopia.

Language: Английский

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Eyecare practitioner perspectives and attitudes towards myopia and myopia management in the UK

BMJ Open Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. e001527 - e001527

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Objective Many children with progressive myopia are still prescribed single-vision correction. An investigation into UK eyecare practitioners’ (ECPs) perceptions of management was carried out to ascertain factors which may be limiting its implementation and uptake within clinical practice. Methods analysis Online focus groups were held ECPs. Participants encouraged discuss their knowledge the available options, perception how is being delivered in any barriers ECPs' prescribing these options The discussions transcribed analysed thematically. Results Focus 41 ECPs from primary secondary eyecare. felt that provision variable. Most believe they have sufficient knowledge, but a lack confidence decision-making practical experience. Less experienced sought more definitive guidance support decision-making. desired clarity on duty care obligations concerned over possible future litigation if had not offered, or referred for, when indicated. greatest barrier appears financial—treatment expensive uncomfortable communicating this parents. indicative systemic problems eyecare, such as commercial pressures, inadequate National Health Service funding poor public awareness paediatric Conclusion Myopia implemented consistently across UK. To improve accessibility, changes required at multiple levels, individual through wider stakeholders provision.

Language: Английский

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High myopia: Reviews of myopia control strategies and myopia complications

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 1248 - 1260

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Background Myopia and especially high myopia are recognised as major public health concerns. Although the prevalence of in young children is low, 10–20% school Asia have myopia, with many still progressing, one three patients develop visual impairment age. Most participants control studies low moderate myopia; relatively little known about myopia. Method Literature searches were undertaken MEDLINE EMBASE to identify publications English, investigating (Aim 1) efficacy strategies (environmental, pharmacological optical) (≤−6.00 D) 2) complications using keywords. Outcomes included change spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) and/or axial length (AL) evaluate progression Results Aim 1: Twelve identified that reported optical (none on environmental) interventions AL SE for control. A statistically significant reduction myopes was 1% 0.5% atropine. Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment spectacle lenses had lower slowing compared Ortho‐K equally effective reducing 2: Myopic an increased risk myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataract glaucoma, increasing level Conclusions High has effects quality life, pathological vision impairment. Young children, excluding those some syndromic associations, who fast progressing require early intervention close monitoring. Further research highly patients, both independently through combination treatments, necessary.

Language: Английский

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The underestimated role of myopia in uncorrectable visual impairment in the United States

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

We estimate the US prevalence of uncorrectable visual impairment in 2050 accounting for changing distribution both age and myopia. Age projections population (from an estimated total 379 million 2050), were taken from census website. The myopia, by severity, was calculated literature-derived estimates 58.4% (≤ - 0.50 D, projection) 33.1% 1.00 1999-2004 estimate) to provide predicted conservative estimates, respectively. Uncorrectable as a function refractive error modelled multiple linear regression. Finally, likely number individuals with calculated. For projected myopia 58.4%, 222 are be myopic 48 will have high (- 5 D or worse). is 11.4 which 4.9 cases (43%) directly attributed increased risk eye disease associated 33.1%, 8.9 2.4 (27%) It that between 27 43% attributable Failure account increasing among aging leads substantial underestimate impairment.

Language: Английский

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Differential Impact of 0.01% and 0.05% Atropine Eyedrops on Ocular Surface in Young Adults

Translational Vision Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 22 - 22

Published: April 16, 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low-concentration (0.01% and 0.05%) atropine eyedrops on ocular surface characteristics in young adults. Methods: Twenty-six myopic students aged 18 to 30 years were randomly assigned receive either 0.01% or 0.05% once nightly for 14 days, followed by cessation, with a ≥14-day interval between each administration. Assessments conducted one, two, seven, days after using corresponding timepoints cessation. Tear meniscus height first average noninvasive keratograph tear film breakup time (NIKBUT-first, NIKBUT-average) measured Keratograph 5M, whereas objective scatter index (OSI) was OQAS II devices; disease (OSDI) score also obtained. Results: The mean OSI peaked two administration (β = 0.51, P 0.001), accompanied significant decreases NIKBUT-first −7.73, < 0.001) NIKBUT-average −8.10, 0.001); OSDI 15.41, 0.001). above parameters returned baseline one week discontinuation (all > 0.05). reached their lowest points (NIKBUT-first: β −4.46, 0.005; NIKBUT-average: −4.42, but those changes diminished treatment stopped. Conclusions: Young adult myopes experienced temporary impact administration, had minimal effect. Translational Relevance: investigation effects different concentrations may inform evidence-based clinical decisions regarding myopia control

Language: Английский

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Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 139 - 139

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Background: Childhood myopia represents a global concern with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Lifestyle factors significantly impact myopia. Aim: To evaluate lifestyle myopic children from metropolitan area Europe. Methods: This was descriptive study including subjects aged 4–18 years. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent (SER) axial length (AL). In addition, questionnaire on conducted between September 2022 April 2023. Results: A total of 321 included, 10.72 ± 3.05 years, whom 51.4% boys, SER −2.25 1.9 D AL 24.54 0.98 mm. The mean age onset 7.69 59.8% had family history Those who <2 h/day screen time (on weekdays) presented −2 1.91 D, compared to those >2 h/day, SER: −2.50 ±1.88 (p = 0.009). Children spent doing near work after school less (SER: −1.75 1.83 vs. −2.75 1.82, respectively, p 0.03). However, no significant association observed outdoors nor academic performance > 0.05). Conclusions: Screen near-work appear be related

Language: Английский

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Axial Shortening Effects of Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy in Children with High Myopia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 203 - 215

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) in delaying progression high myopes with -6.00 diopters (D) or worse. Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial. A total 202 myopic children aged 7 to 12 years cycloplegia spherical equivalent (SE) refraction ≤-6.00 D, astigmatism less than 2.50 anisometropia 1.50 D were enrolled from March 2022 December 2022. Follow-up was completed 2023. Eligible participants randomly allocated intervention (RLRL + single vision spectacle) control group (single spectacle). The RLRL treatment administered every day for 3 minutes, twice a day, an interval at least 4 hours. primary outcome change axial length (AL) months compared baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes SE, choroidal thickness (ChT), retinal (RT) different circle sectors. Outcomes analyzed by means intention-to-treat per-protocol methods. After treatment, AL SE -0.11 ± 0.25 mm 0.18 0.63 0.32 0.09 -0.80 0.42 group, respectively. Axial shortening >0.05 59% 0% months. ChT RT center analyzed. In thickened all sectors increased parafoveal perifoveal circles. only significantly thinner multivariate linear regression model revealed significant correlations between central foveal 1 month No fundus structure changes, afterimage exceeding 6 best-corrected visual acuity decrease reported. could effectively shorten inhibit myopia patients is sustained over treatment. These observed appeared be associated increases RT.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Auricular Acupressure on Myopia Prevention among Children Aged 6–12 Years with Pre-Myopia in China: Study Protocol of a Prospective Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial

Complementary Medicine Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Background: The increasing prevalence of myopia among Chinese children and adolescents, especially at younger ages, has emerged as a significant concern in recent years. Pre-myopia is key period for prevention control adolescents. Previous studies suggested auricular acupressure (AA) therapy might offer viable approach to prevent slow down progression. Nonetheless, these lack robust, high-quality, large-scale, multi-center evidence conclusively support such assertions. purpose this research evaluate the efficacy, safety, economic benefits AA preventing aged 6–12 years with pre-myopia. Methods: single-blind, multi-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial will involve 318 pre-myopic from 20 different centers across China. After recruitment, participants be randomly assigned two groups (the group group) 1:1 ratio. receive point sticking along health education 24 weeks, while provided sham treatment routine education. assessments outcomes conducted start study, then after 4, 8, 12, weeks. primary outcome change spherical equivalent refraction various follow-up times. secondary include number cases, uncorrected visual acuity, axial length, corneal curvature radius, accommodation amplitude, retinal choroidal thickness, eye behavior management. In addition, cost-effectiveness analysis used evaluation index assessment. Discussion: results provide on pre-myopia

Language: Английский

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