Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(12), P. 3659 - 3686

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting considerable medical and socioeconomical burden. A large fraction diseases is characterized by type 2 immune response involving Th2 cells, innate lymphoid eosinophils, mast M2 macrophages. Biomarkers are valuable parameters for precision medicine as they provide information on disease endotypes, clusters, diagnoses, identification therapeutic targets, monitoring treatment efficacies. The availability powerful omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis network-based approaches can help clinically useful biomarkers. These biomarkers need to be accurately quantified using robust reproducible methods, such reliable point-of-care systems. Ideally, samples should collected quick, cost-efficient noninvasive methods. In recent plethora research directed toward finding novel diseases. Promising include sputum serum periostin exhaled nitric oxide. Several other biomarkers, pro-inflammatory mediators, miRNAs, eicosanoid molecules, epithelial barrier integrity, microbiota changes diagnosis in serum, body fluids air. Herein, we review studies asthma, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, food allergies, anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity allergen immunotherapy. addition, discuss COVID-19 within perspective recommendations management asthmatic patients during pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Current Understanding of Asthma Pathogenesis and Biomarkers

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(17), P. 2764 - 2764

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disease with variable phenotypes (clinical presentations) and distinctive endotypes (mechanisms). Over the last decade, considerable efforts have been made to dissect cellular molecular mechanisms of asthma. Aberrant T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation most important pathological process for asthma, which mediated by Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4, IL-13. Approximately 50% mild-to-moderate asthma large portion severe induced Th2-dependent inflammation. Th2-low can be non-Th2 including IL-17 tumor necrosis factor-α. There emerging evidence demonstrate that inflammation-independent processes also contribute pathogenesis. Protein kinases, adapter protein, microRNAs, ORMDL3, gasdermin B are newly identified molecules drive progression, independent Eosinophils, IgE, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, periostin practical biomarkers Th2-high Sputum neutrophils easily used diagnose Despite progress, more studies needed delineate complex identify new better diagnosis, classification, treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Asthma and Obesity: Two Diseases on the Rise and Bridged by Inflammation

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 169 - 169

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Asthma and obesity are two epidemics affecting the developed world. The relationship between both asthma severe appears to be weight-dependent, causal, partly genetic, probably bidirectional. There distinct phenotypes: 1. Allergic in children with obesity, which worsens a pre-existing asthma, 2. An often non allergic, late-onset developing as consequence of obesity. In infiltration adipose tissue by macrophages M1, together an increased expression multiple mediators that amplify propagate inflammation, is considered culprit obesity-related inflammation. Adipose important source adipokines, such pro-inflammatory leptin, produced excess adiponectin anti-inflammatory effects reduced synthesis. inflammatory process also involves synthesis cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, TGFβ, contribute pathogenesis. contrast, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33 maintain lean state. resulting regulatory immunomodulatory pathways underlying diseases have been hypothesized one mechanisms increases risk severity. Reduction weight diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery reduces activity improves lung function.

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances in the epithelial barrier theory

International Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 211 - 222

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Abstract The epithelial barrier theory links the recent rise in chronic non-communicable diseases, notably autoimmune and allergic disorders, to environmental agents disrupting barrier. Global pollution toxic agent exposure have worsened over six decades because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, industrialization, affecting human health. Introducing new chemicals without any reasonable control their health effects through these years has led documented adverse effects, especially on skin mucosal barriers. These substances, such as particulate matter, detergents, surfactants, food emulsifiers, micro- nano-plastics, diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, ozone, been shown compromise integrity. This disruption is linked opening tight-junction barriers, inflammation, cell death, oxidative stress, metabolic regulation. Consideration must be given interplay underlying inflammatory medications, affected tissues. review article discusses detrimental effect barrier-damaging compounds involves cellular molecular mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental Exposures and Asthma Development: Autophagy, Mitophagy, and Cellular Senescence

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

EEnvironmental pollutants and allergens induce oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to key features of allergic asthma. Dysregulations in autophagy, mitophagy, cellular senescence have been associated with environmental pollutant allergen-induced stress, secretion multiple inflammatory proteins, subsequently development Particularly, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has reported autophagy the bronchial epithelial cells through activation AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), drive mitophagy activating PTEN-induced 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway, cell cycle arrest senescence. Intriguingly, allergens, including ovalbumin (OVA), alternaria alternata, cockroach allergen, also shown different signaling pathways. Additionally, dysfunction can due excessive ROS production, which affects airway diseases. Although share similar properties, recent studies suggest that either accelerate or prevent Thus, this review, we evaluated literature regarding basic processes, senescence, explored their molecular mechanisms regulation initiation downstream signaling. Especially, highlighted involvement pollutant/allergen-induced major phenotypic changes asthma such as inflammation remodelling reviewed novel critical research areas for future studies. Ultimately, understanding regulatory may allow new therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

---

Epicutaneous Staphylococcus aureus induces IL-36 to enhance IgE production and ensuing allergic disease

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(5)

Published: Feb. 28, 2021

IgE induced by type 2 immune responses in atopic dermatitis is implicated the progression of to other allergic diseases, including food allergies, rhinitis, and asthma. However, keratinocyte-derived signals that promote ensuing diseases remain unclear. Herein, a mouse model dermatitis-like skin inflammation epicutaneous Staphylococcus aureus exposure, keratinocyte release IL‑36α along with IL-4 triggered B cell class-switching, plasma differentiation, increased serum levels-all which were abrogated IL-36R-deficient mice or anti-IL‑36R-blocking antibody-treated mice. Moreover, allergen sensitization during S. exposure-induced IL-36 was required for development allergen-specific lung inflammation. In translating these findings, elevated IL‑36 cytokines human receptor antagonist-deficiency patients coincided levels. Collectively, keratinocyte-initiated represent key mechanism potential therapeutic target against diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Atopic dermatitis: pathomechanisms and lessons learned from novel systemic therapeutic options

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 1432 - 1449

Published: May 16, 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, heterogenous, inflammatory skin disorder associated with high skin-related health burden, typically starting in childhood and often persisting into adulthood. AD characterized by wide range of clinical phenotypes, reflecting multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms interactions between genetics, immune system dysregulation environmental factors. In this review, we describe the diverse cellular molecular involved AD, including critical role T-cell-driven inflammation, primarily via T helper (Th) 2- Th17-derived cytokines, many which are mediated Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway. These local processes interact sensory neuronal pathways, contributing to manifestations itch, pain sleep disturbance. The recent elucidation pathways has allowed treatment strategies evolve from broad-acting systemic immunosuppressive therapies more targeted agents, JAK inhibitors cytokine-specific biologic agents. Evidence development these reinforced expanded our understanding holds promise for individualized tailored specific subtypes.

Language: Английский

---

Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors

Contact Dermatitis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85(6), P. 615 - 626

Published: Aug. 22, 2021

Abstract The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked industrialization and urbanization underlies increase in allergic diseases. constitutes first line of physical, chemical, immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown industrial products disrupt barriers. Innate adaptive immune responses play an important role damage. In addition, recent studies suggest dysfunction plays essential pathogenesis atopic march by allergen sensitization through transcutaneous route. It is evident external factors interact with system, triggering a cascade complex reactions damage barrier. Epigenetic microbiome changes modulate integrity Robust simple measurements skin at point‐of‐care are significant value as biomarker, recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy directly measure defects. Understanding its mechanism key developing novel strategies for prevention treatment aim this review summarize on pathophysiological mechanisms triggered contribute dysregulation function.

Language: Английский

---

Indoor Air Quality in Elderly Centers: Pollutants Emission and Health Effects

Environments, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 86 - 86

Published: July 6, 2022

The world population is ageing, in particular the developed world, with a significant increase percentage of people above 60 years old. They represent segment that more vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions. Among them, indoor air quality one most relevant, as elders spend comparatively time indoors than younger generations. Furthermore, recent COVID-19 pandemic contributed immensely raising awareness importance breathing for human health and fact vector airborne infections poisoning. Hence, this work reviews state art regarding elderly centers, considering type pollutants involved, their emission sources, effects. Moreover, influence ventilation on also addressed. Notwithstanding potential problems corresponding costs morbidity effects, only few studies have considered explicitly its impacts health. More are, therefore, necessary objectively identify what are due how it can be improved, either by reducing sources or adequate thermal comfort strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Multi-Omics Profiling Approach to Asthma: An Evolving Paradigm

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 66 - 66

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Asthma is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous respiratory disease. Although genetics strong risk factor of asthma, external internal exposures their interactions with genetic factors also play important roles in the pathophysiology asthma. Over past decades, application high-throughput omics approaches has emerged been applied to field asthma research for screening biomarkers such as genes, transcript, proteins, metabolites an unbiased fashion. Leveraging large-scale studies representative diverse population-based data integrating clinical led better profiling risk. Yet, date, no omic-driven endotypes have translated into practice management In this article, we provide overview current status namely, genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, exposomics, metabolomics. The development multi-omics integrations briefly discussed. Biomarker discovery following could be challenging but useful disease phenotyping endotyping that can translate advances care, ultimately leading successful precision medicine approaches.

Language: Английский

---