Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
134(3)
Published: Dec. 12, 2023
Itaconate
has
emerged
as
a
critical
immunoregulatory
metabolite.
Here,
we
examined
the
therapeutic
potential
of
itaconate
in
atherosclerosis.
We
found
that
both
and
enzyme
synthesizes
it,
aconitate
decarboxylase
1
(Acod1,
also
known
"immune-responsive
gene
1"/IRG1)
are
upregulated
during
atherogenesis
mice.
Deletion
Acod1
myeloid
cells
exacerbated
inflammation
atherosclerosis
vivo
resulted
an
elevated
frequency
specific
subset
M1-polarized
proinflammatory
macrophages
atherosclerotic
aorta.
Importantly,
levels
were
inversely
correlated
with
clinical
occlusion
human
aorta
specimens.
Treating
mice
derivative
4-ocytyl
attenuated
induced
by
high
cholesterol.
Mechanistically,
antioxidant
transcription
factor,
Nuclear
factor
erythroid-2
Related
Factor
2
(Nrf2)
was
required
for
to
suppress
macrophage
activation
oxidized
lipids
vitro
decrease
lesion
areas
vivo.
Overall,
our
work
shows
suppresses
inducing
Nrf2-dependent
inhibition
responses
macrophages.
Activation
pathway
may
represent
important
approach
treat
Nature Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(6), P. 981 - 995
Published: June 12, 2023
Abstract
Itaconate,
the
product
of
decarboxylation
cis
-aconitate,
regulates
numerous
biological
processes.
We
and
others
have
revealed
itaconate
as
a
regulator
fatty
acid
β-oxidation,
generation
mitochondrial
reactive
oxygen
species
metabolic
interplay
between
resident
macrophages
tumors.
In
present
study,
we
show
that
itaconic
is
upregulated
in
human
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis
mouse
model
liver
disease.
Male
mice
deficient
gene
responsible
for
production
(immunoresponsive
(Irg)-1)
exacerbated
lipid
accumulation
liver,
glucose
insulin
intolerance
mesenteric
fat
deposition.
Treatment
with
derivative,
4-octyl
itaconate,
reverses
dyslipidemia
associated
high-fat
diet
feeding.
Mechanistically,
treatment
primary
hepatocytes
reduces
increases
their
oxidative
phosphorylation
manner
dependent
upon
oxidation.
propose
whereby
macrophage-derived
acts
trans
to
modulate
liver’s
ability
metabolize
acids.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(21)
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Abstract
Delayed
re‐epithelization
and
weakened
skin
contractions
are
the
two
primary
factors
that
hinder
wound
closure
in
large‐scale
acute
or
chronic
wounds.
However,
effective
strategies
for
targeting
these
aspects
concurrently
still
lacking.
Herein,
an
antioxidative
active‐shrinkage
hydrogel
(AHF@AS
Gel)
is
constructed
can
integratedly
promote
constriction
to
accelerate
diabetic
closure.
The
AHF@AS
Gel
encapsulated
by
amino‐
hydroxyl‐modified
C
70
fullerene
(AHF)
a
thermosensitive
active
shrinkage
(AS
Gel).
Specifically,
AHF
relieves
overactivated
inflammation,
prevents
cellular
apoptosis,
promotes
fibroblast
migration
vitro
reducing
excessive
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
Notably,
achieved
≈2.7‐fold
≈1.7‐fold
better
wounds
wounds,
respectively,
significantly
contributing
promotion
of
Using
proteomic
profiling
mechanistic
studies,
it
identified
efficiently
promoted
transition
inflammatory
proliferative
phases
remodeling
phase.
demonstrated
AS
alone
activates
mechanosensitive
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor/Akt
(EGFR/Akt)
pathway
cell
proliferation.
offers
comprehensive
strategy
via
biochemistry
regulation
integrating
with
mechanical
forces
stimulation.
Cell Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(3), P. 484 - 497.e6
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
Severe
forms
of
malaria
are
associated
with
systemic
inflammation
and
host
metabolism
disorders;
however,
the
interplay
between
these
outcomes
is
poorly
understood.
Using
a
Plasmodium
chabaudi
model
malaria,
we
demonstrate
that
interferon
(IFN)
γ
boosts
glycolysis
in
splenic
monocyte-derived
dendritic
cells
(MODCs),
leading
to
itaconate
accumulation
disruption
TCA
cycle.
Increased
levels
reduce
mitochondrial
functionality,
which
associates
organellar
nucleic
acid
release
MODC
restraint.
We
hypothesize
dysfunctional
mitochondria
degraded
DNA
into
cytosol.
Once
sensitized,
activation
IRF3
IRF7
promotes
expression
IFN-stimulated
genes
checkpoint
markers.
Indeed,
depletion
STING-IRF3/IRF7
axis
reduces
PD-L1
expression,
enabling
CD8+
T
control
parasite
proliferation.
In
summary,
caused
by
MODCs
leads
suppressive
effect
cells,
enhances
parasitemia.
provide
evidence
ACOD1
potential
targets
for
adjunct
antimalarial
therapy.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(15)
Published: April 2, 2024
Atherosclerosis
is
fueled
by
a
failure
to
resolve
lipid-driven
inflammation
within
the
vasculature
that
drives
plaque
formation.
Therapeutic
approaches
reverse
atherosclerotic
are
needed
address
rising
global
burden
of
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD).
Recently,
metabolites
have
gained
attention
for
their
immunomodulatory
properties,
including
itaconate,
which
generated
from
tricarboxylic
acid-intermediate
cis-aconitate
enzyme
Immune
Responsive
Gene
1
(IRG1/ACOD1).
Here,
we
tested
therapeutic
potential
IRG1–itaconate
axis
human
atherosclerosis.
Using
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq),
found
IRG1
up-regulated
in
coronary
lesions
compared
patient-matched
healthy
vasculature,
and
mouse
models
atherosclerosis,
where
it
primarily
expressed
monocytes,
macrophages,
neutrophils.
Global
or
hematopoietic
Irg1
-deficiency
mice
increases
atherosclerosis
burden,
macrophage
lipid
content,
expression
proatherosclerotic
cytokine
interleukin
(IL)-1β.
Mechanistically,
absence
increased
accumulation,
accelerated
via
neutrophil
extracellular
trap
(NET)
formation
NET-priming
NLRP3-inflammasome
resulting
IL-1β
release.
Conversely,
supplementation
–itaconate
using
4-octyl
itaconate
(4-OI)
beneficially
remodeled
advanced
plaques
reduced
lesional
levels
mice.
To
investigate
effects
4-OI
humans,
leveraged
an
ex
vivo
systems-immunology
approach
CVD
drug
discovery.
CyTOF
scRNA-seq
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
cells
treated
with
plasma
patients,
showed
attenuates
proinflammatory
phospho-signaling
mediates
anti-inflammatory
rewiring
populations.
Our
data
highlight
relevance
pursuing
as
humans.
Cell Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Itaconate
is
a
metabolite
catalyzed
by
cis-aconitate
decarboxylase
(ACOD1),
which
mainly
produced
activated
macrophages
and
secreted
into
the
extracellular
environment
to
exert
complex
bioactivity.
In
tumor
microenvironment,
itaconate
concentrated
induces
an
immunosuppressive
response.
However,
whether
can
be
taken
up
cells
its
mechanism
of
action
remain
largely
unclear.
Here,
we
identified
solute
carrier
family
13
member
3
(SLC13A3)
as
key
protein
transporting
cells,
where
it
elevates
programmed
cell
death
ligand
1
(PD-L1)
levels
decreases
expression
immunostimulatory
molecules,
thereby
promoting
immune
evasion.
Mechanistically,
alkylates
cysteine
272
residue
on
PD-L1,
antagonizing
PD-L1
ubiquitination
degradation.
Consequently,
SLC13A3
inhibition
enhances
efficacy
anti-CTLA-4
(cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte-associated
antigen-4)
immunotherapy
improves
overall
survival
rate
in
syngeneic
mouse
models.
Collectively,
our
findings
transporter
revealed
immunomodulatory
role,
providing
combinatorial
strategies
overcome
resistance
tumors.