Correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310(1), P. 6 - 26

Published: June 5, 2022

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies neutralization or binding assays both have predictive value, with antibody titers giving highest statistical correlation. However, protective functions are multiple. multiple other than influence efficacy. The role cellular responses can be discerned respect to CD4

Language: Английский

---

T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 343 - 373

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Language: Английский

---

Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 387 - 397

Published: April 28, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(10), P. 951 - 963

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen, has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, this vaccine induces lower acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. immunogenicity and reactogenicity of homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an priming dose are unclear.In single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving health care workers had we assessed 28 days after vaccination. participants were assigned receive no booster, mRNA-1273 BNT162b2 booster. primary end point the level S-specific binding antibodies, secondary points neutralizing T-cell responses, reactogenicity. A post hoc analysis performed compare boosting with boosting.Homologous vaccination resulted higher responses single increase antibodies significantly larger regimens that included mRNA-based vaccines most immunogenic associated boosters. Local systemic reactions generally mild moderate first administration.The mRNA boosters acceptable safety profile vaccine. strongest occurred Boosting any available better not boosting. (Funded Netherlands Organization for Health Research Development ZonMw; SWITCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04927936.).

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1764 - 1778

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 879 - 892.e4

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Correlates of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated children

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1373 - 1383

Published: April 30, 2024

Abstract The paucity of information on longevity vaccine-induced immune responses and uncertainty the correlates protection hinder development evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts. Here, to address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a cohort study healthy 5–12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs), spike-specific memory B cell (MBC) spike-reactive T over 1 year. found that children mounted antibody, MBC after two doses BNT162b2, higher than adults 6 months vaccination. A booster (third) dose only improved without impacting responses. Among hybrid immunity, nAbs were highest in those infected vaccine doses. Binding IgG titers, predictive, cells being most important predictor against symptomatic infection before immunity; correlated immunity. stable time suggest sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when wane. Booster vaccinations do not confer additional immunological children.

Language: Английский

---

Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level vaccine-induced needed and extent to which they alone can control acute infection humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination challenge 33 adult human volunteers, using live–attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) chimeric Japanese encephalitis–YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines. Both Orthoflavivirus vaccines share cell epitopes but different neutralizing antibody epitopes. The primary objective was assess responses, independent antibodies, were able reduce post-challenge RNAaemia levels. Secondary objectives included an assessment surrogate measures control, including titres symptomatic outcomes. YF17D vaccinees had reduced levels JE/YF17D viraemia, compared with those without previous (mean log10(area under curve genome copies per ml): 2.23 versus 3.22; P = 0.039). Concomitantly, lower post-JE/YF17D that JE virus plaque number by 50%, or PRNT50 log10(PRNT50 titre): 1.87 2.5; < 0.0001) rates (6% (n 1/16) 53% 9/17), 0.007). There no unexpected safety events. Importantly, after infection, several undetectable viraemia seroconversion, even absence antibodies. Indeed, high specifically against capsid protein, associated conventionally interpreted sterilizing immunity. Our findings reveal importance controlling suggests potential correlate orthoflaviviral ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05568953 . authors demonstrate effectiveness infections, conducting study humans.

Language: Английский

---

Hyperglycaemia‐associated macrophage pyroptosis accelerates periodontal inflamm‐aging

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(10), P. 1379 - 1392

Published: July 5, 2021

Pyroptosis and inflamm-aging have been newly identified to be involved in diabetic periodontitis. This study aimed elucidate whether macrophage pyroptosis plays a role periodontal by impacting the senescence of fibroblasts, as well potential mechanism via NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) phosphorylation.Diabetes was induced mice using streptozotocin. Periodontal were detected immunohistochemical analysis. Prior evaluating human gingival fibroblasts cultured with conditioned medium derived from macrophages, RAW 264.7 macrophages confirmed undergo scanning electron microscopy gasdermin D (GSDMD) detection. The NLRC4-related pathway examined under hyperglycaemic conditions.Our data showed that expression senescent markers vivo vitro. Importantly, clearance pyroptotic rescued fibroblasts. Furthermore, GSDMD activation hyperglycaemia found mediated NLRC4 phosphorylation.Hyperglycaemia could initially induce lead cellular senescence, thereby critically contributing pathogenesis diabetes. In particular, phosphorylation therapeutic target for inhibition this process.

Language: Английский

---

Point-of-care diagnostics: recent developments in a pandemic age

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(23), P. 4517 - 4548

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

In this review, we provide an overview of developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We review these advances within framework a holistic POC ecosystem, focusing on points interest - both technological and non-technological to researchers test developers. Technologically, design choices assay chemistry, microfluidics, instrumentation towards nucleic acid protein detection for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), away from lab bench, that supported unprecedented rapid development, scale up, deployment devices. describe common features technologies obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) acid, antigen, antibody tests, how tests fit into four distinct use cases. conclude with implications future pandemics, infectious disease monitoring, digital health.

Language: Английский

---