Journal of Breast Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
26(3), P. 207 - 207
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
article
provides
an
annual
update
of
Korean
breast
cancer
statistics,
including
the
incidence,
tumor
stage,
type
surgical
treatment,
and
mortality.
The
data
was
collected
from
Breast
Cancer
Society
registry
system
Central
Registry.
In
2019,
29,729
women
were
newly
diagnosed
with
cancer.
has
continued
to
increase
in
incidence
since
2002
been
most
common
2019.
Of
cases
24,820
(83.5%)
invasive
carcinomas,
4,909
(16.5%)
carcinoma
situ.
median
age
52.8
years,
commonly
group
40-49
years.
number
patients
who
have
undergone
conserving
surgery
2016,
68.6%
undergoing
early-stage
continues
increase,
stage
0
or
I
accounting
for
61.6%
cases.
subtype
is
hormone
receptor-positive
human
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
2-negative
(63.1%).
5-year
relative
survival
rate
2015
2019
93.6%,
14.3%
compared
that
1993
1995.
report
improves
our
understanding
characteristics
South
Korea.
British Journal of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
108(3), P. 479 - 485
Published: Jan. 8, 2013
Developments
in
genomic
techniques
have
provided
insight
into
the
remarkable
genetic
complexity
of
malignant
tumours.
There
is
increasing
evidence
that
solid
tumours
may
comprise
subpopulations
cells
with
distinct
alterations
within
same
tumour,
a
phenomenon
termed
intra-tumour
heterogeneity.
Intra-tumour
heterogeneity
likely
to
implications
for
cancer
therapeutics
and
biomarker
discovery,
particularly
era
targeted
treatment,
relationship
between
intra-tumoural
clinical
outcome
emerging.
Our
understanding
processes
exacerbate
heterogeneity,
both
iatrogenic
tumour
specific,
increase
development
more
widespread
implementation
advanced
sequencing
technologies,
adaptation
trial
design
include
comprehensive
tissue
collection
protocols.
The
current
its
relevance
will
be
presented
this
mini-review.
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
121(10), P. 3786 - 3788
Published: Oct. 3, 2011
Breast
cancer
is
a
heterogeneous
disease.
There
high
degree
of
diversity
between
and
within
tumors
as
well
among
cancer-bearing
individuals,
all
these
factors
together
determine
the
risk
disease
progression
therapeutic
resistance.
Advances
in
technologies
such
whole-genome
sequencing
functional
viability
screens
now
allow
us
to
analyze
at
unprecedented
depths.
However,
translating
this
increasing
knowledge
into
clinical
practice
remains
challenge
part
due
tumor
evolution
driven
by
cell
populations
their
microenvironment.
The
articles
Review
series
discuss
recent
advances
our
understanding
breast
heterogeneity,
therapies
tailored
based
on
knowledge,
future
ways
assessing
treating
tumors.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
8(1), P. 277 - 302
Published: Oct. 23, 2012
Intratumor
heterogeneity
represents
a
major
obstacle
to
effective
cancer
treatment
and
personalized
medicine.
However,
investigators
are
now
elucidating
intratumor
at
the
single-cell
level
due
improvements
in
technologies.
Better
understanding
of
composition
tumors,
monitoring
changes
cell
populations
during
disease
progression
treatment,
will
improve
diagnosis
therapeutic
design.
Measurements
may
also
be
used
as
biomarkers
predict
risk
resistance.
We
summarize
important
considerations
related
tumor
evolution.
discuss
experimental
approaches
that
commonly
infer
describe
how
these
methodologies
can
translated
into
clinical
practice.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
111(50)
Published: Dec. 1, 2014
Triple
negative
breast
cancers
(TNBCs)
are
defined
by
the
lack
of
estrogen
receptor
(ER),
progesterone
(PR),
and
human
epidermal
growth
factor
2
expression,
treated
with
cytotoxic
chemotherapy
such
as
paclitaxel
or
gemcitabine,
a
durable
response
rate
less
than
20%.
TNBCs
enriched
for
basal
subtype
gene
expression
profile
presence
cancer
stem
cells,
which
endowed
self-renewing
tumor-initiating
properties
resistance
to
chemotherapy.
Hypoxia-inducible
factors
(HIFs)
their
target
products
highly
active
in
TNBCs.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
HIF
transcriptional
activity
induced
treatment
MDA-MB-231,
SUM-149,
SUM-159,
TNBC
cell
lines,
well
MCF-7,
is
an
ER
+
/PR
line,
gemcitabine.
Chemotherapy-induced
population
through
interleukin-6
interleukin-8
signaling
increased
multidrug
1.
Coadministration
inhibitors
overcame
cells
both
vitro
vivo,
leading
tumor
eradication.
Increased
HIF-1α
genes
biopsies
was
associated
decreased
overall
survival,
particularly
patients
tumors
those
alone.
Based
on
these
results,
clinical
trials
warranted
test
whether
combination
will
improve
patient
survival.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
111(31)
Published: June 17, 2014
Significance
Cancer
cells
release
from
their
cell
surface
membrane-lined
microvesicles
(MVs),
which
contain
proteins,
mRNAs,
and
microRNAs
that
can
be
taken
up
by
other
cells.
We
report
breast
cancer
exposed
to
decreased
oxygen
availability
(hypoxia)
increase
production
of
MVs,
stimulate
invasion
metastasis
recipient
Increased
MV
shedding
hypoxic
requires
expression
hypoxia-inducible
factors
(HIFs),
activate
transcription
the
RAB22A
gene,
small
GTPase
RAB22A,
is
a
protein
localizes
budding
MVs.
Our
results
delineate
molecular
mechanism
hypoxia
increases
stimulating
provide
further
evidence
addition
HIF
inhibitors
current
treatment
regimens
may
improve
clinical
outcome.
BioMed Research International,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2022, P. 1 - 16
Published: April 18, 2022
Breast
cancer
is
a
global
cause
for
concern
owing
to
its
high
incidence
around
the
world.
The
alarming
increase
in
breast
cases
emphasizes
management
of
disease
at
multiple
levels.
should
start
from
beginning
that
includes
stringent
screening
or
registry
effective
diagnostic
and
treatment
strategies.
highly
heterogeneous
morphology
as
well
molecular
levels
needs
different
therapeutic
regimens
based
on
subtype.
patients
with
respective
subtype
have
clinical
outcome
prognoses.
heterogeneity
advanced
testing
will
help
on-time
diagnosis
improved
survival.
Emerging
fields
such
liquid
biopsy
artificial
intelligence
would
under
complexity
decide
regimen
helps
management.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
various
risk
factors
technology
available
combat
worst
status
areas
need
be
focused
better
cancer.
Breast Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
15(5)
Published: Oct. 1, 2013
Abstract
Introduction
Breast
cancer
remains
a
significant
scientific,
clinical
and
societal
challenge.
This
gap
analysis
has
reviewed
critically
assessed
enduring
issues
new
challenges
emerging
from
recent
research,
proposes
strategies
for
translating
solutions
into
practice.
Methods
More
than
100
internationally
recognised
specialist
breast
scientists,
clinicians
healthcare
professionals
collaborated
to
address
nine
thematic
areas:
genetics,
epigenetics
epidemiology;
molecular
pathology
cell
biology;
hormonal
influences
endocrine
therapy;
imaging,
detection
screening;
current/novel
therapies
biomarkers;
drug
resistance;
metastasis,
angiogenesis,
circulating
tumour
cells,
‘stem’
cells;
risk
prevention;
living
with
managing
its
treatment.
The
groups
developed
summary
papers
through
an
iterative
process
which,
following
further
appraisal
experts
patients,
were
melded
this
account.
Results
10
major
gaps
identified
were:
(1)
understanding
the
functions
contextual
interactions
of
genetic
epigenetic
changes
in
normal
development
during
malignant
transformation;
(2)
how
implement
sustainable
lifestyle
(diet,
exercise
weight)
chemopreventive
strategies;
(3)
need
tailored
screening
approaches
including
clinically
actionable
tests;
(4)
enhancing
knowledge
drivers
behind
subtypes,
progression
metastasis;
(5)
mechanisms
heterogeneity,
dormancy,
de
novo
or
acquired
resistance
target
key
nodes
these
dynamic
processes;
(6)
developing
validated
markers
chemosensitivity
radiosensitivity;
(7)
optimal
duration,
sequencing
rational
combinations
treatment
improved
personalised
(8)
validating
multimodality
imaging
biomarkers
minimally
invasive
diagnosis
monitoring
responses
primary
metastatic
disease;
(9)
interventions
support
improve
survivorship
experience;
(10)
continuing
material
translational
research
derived
breast,
blood,
primary,
relapsed,
drug-resistant
cancers
expert
bioinformatics
maximise
utility.
proposed
infrastructural
enablers
include
enhanced
resources
relevant
vitro
vivo
models;
access
appropriate,
fully
annotated
samples;
extended
biomarker
discovery,
validation
standardisation;
facilitated
cross-discipline
working.
Conclusions
With
conduct
high-quality
targeted
focusing
on
identified,
increased
care
should
be
achievable
within
five
years.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
24(7), P. 1777 - 1789
Published: Aug. 1, 2018
Highlights•Endometriosis
and
uterine
endometrium
exhibit
cancer-associated
somatic
mutations•Clonal
expansion
of
epithelial
cells
with
mutations
in
endometriosis•Genomic
architecture
is
heterogeneous•Single
endometrial
glands
carry
distinct
genesSummaryEndometriosis
characterized
by
ectopic
endometrial-like
epithelium
stroma,
which
molecular
characteristics
remain
to
be
fully
elucidated.
We
sequenced
107
ovarian
endometriotic
82
normal
samples
isolated
laser
microdissection.
In
both
samples,
numerous
were
identified
within
genes
frequently
mutated
endometriosis-associated
cancers.
KRAS
epithelium,
a
higher
mutant
allele
frequency
(MAF)
accompanied
arm-level
allelic
imbalances.
Analyses
MAF,
combined
multiregional
sequencing,
illuminated
spatiotemporal
evolution
the
endometriosis
genomes.
109
single
found
that
each
gland
carried
mutations,
demonstrating
heterogeneity
genomic
epithelium.
Remarkable
increases
MAF
suggest
retrograde
flow
already
harboring
selective
advantages
at
sites,
leading
development
endometriosis.Graphical
abstract
