Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 918 - 918

Published: March 16, 2023

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune disease, which an organ-specific disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis distinguished by the presence autoantibodies against peroxidase thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well epigenetic environmental factors, contribute to pathogenesis both diseases. This review summarizes genetic, epigenetic, mechanisms involved

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, which has affected approximately six hundred million people globally as of August 2022. Organs and cells harboring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface receptors are the primary targets virus. However, once it enters body through respiratory system, virus can spread hematogenously to infect other organs. Therefore, COVID-19 affects many organs, causing severe long-term complications, even after disease ended, thus worsening quality life. Although is known that system most by infection, organs/systems in short long term. Since simultaneously redesigning diagnostic therapy policies fit damaged organs strongly recommended. Even though pathophysiology problems unknown, frequency cases rises with age existence preexisting symptoms. This study aims update our knowledge multi-organ dysfunction interaction based on clinical theoretical evidence. For this purpose, comprehensively elucidates recent studies effects multiple systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune, parts integumentary system. Understanding range atypical symptoms could improve surveillance, limit transmission, avoid additional multi-organ-system problems.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets system but also affects multiple organ systems, including endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests interactions between thyroid function, phase of COVID-19, and prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID sequalae or long COVID. Several studies have reported that can induce dysfunction, leading to conditions such thyroiditis alterations in hormone levels. mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 include direct viral infection cells, thyroiditis, causes inflammation transient sustained well an excessive systemic immune response (cytokine storm). This is associated with elevated levels cytokines, IL-6, disrupt function lead nonthyroidal illness (NTIS). Medications administered during phase, corticosteroids antiviral drugs, impact actions. involvement gland COVID, postacute sequelae infection, area not defined, potential implications for understanding managing this condition. Persistent low-grade affecting over time ongoing exacerbate pre-existing conditions. Viral infections, SARS-CoV-2, trigger worsen autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto’s Graves’ disease. Long COVID may hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, can, turn, affect hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) abnormal function. review was designed systematically capture recent literature on COVID-19-related dysfunction adult population, prognostic consequences effects patients A comprehensive search PubMed EMBASE databases conducted. systematic performed based Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Study quality assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). total 53 met inclusion criteria. summarises findings provides update current spectrum disorders, underscoring complex nature its far-reaching impacts human health.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19

Hypertension Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 601 - 619

Published: Dec. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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An observational study on factors associated with ICU mortality in Covid-19 patients and critical review of the literature

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 13, 2023

Abstract The novel pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with increased burden on healthcare system. Recognizing the variables that independently predict death in COVID-19 is of great importance. study was carried out prospectively a single ICU northern Greece. It based collection data during clinical practice 375 adult patients who were tested positive for between April 2020 and February 2022. All intubated due to acute respiratory insufficiency received Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. primary outcome mortality. Secondary outcomes 28-day mortality independent predictors at 28 days hospitalization. For continuous normal distribution, t-test used means comparison two groups one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons. When distribution not normal, comparisons performed using Mann–Whitney test. Comparisons discrete made x 2 test, whereas binary logistic regression employed definition factors affecting survival inside after days. Of total number period, 239 (63.7%) male. Overall, 49.6%, reached 46.9%. rates four main viral variants 54.9%, 50.3%, 39.7% 50% Alpha, Beta, Delta Omicron variants, respectively. Logistic regressions revealed following parameters survival: wave, SOFA @day1, Remdesivir use, AKI, Sepsis, Enteral Insufficiency, Duration stay WBC. Similarly, 28-days were: duration ICU, WBC, Wave, AKI Insufficiency. In this observational cohort critically ill we report an association wave sequence, score admission, use Remdesivir, presence gastrointestinal failure, sepsis WBC levels. Strengths are large included, adjusted waves within year-study period.

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19‐induced autoimmune thyroiditis: Exploring molecular mechanisms

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(8)

Published: July 29, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) damages multiple organs, including the thyroid, by direct invasion and cell entry via angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 or indirectly promoting excessive inflammation in body. The immune system is a critical factor antiviral immunity disease progression. In context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, may become overly activated, resulting shift from regulatory to effector responses, which subsequently promote development progression autoimmune diseases. incidence thyroid diseases, such as subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's increases individuals with COVID‐19 infection. This phenomenon be attributed aberrant responses T‐cell subtypes, presence autoantibodies, impaired function, production inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α. Therefore, insights into involved according can help identify potential therapeutic approaches guide effective interventions alleviate patients' symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Papillary Thyroid Cancer Trends in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Shift toward a More Aggressive Entity?

Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 62 - 62

Published: March 20, 2024

Background: Globally, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been increasing over last few decades and it become second most common in women UAE. There is some evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection might be directly linked development aggressive variants PTC. The primary goal this study was compare clinical pathologic characteristics patients treated at largest endocrine surgery center Abu Dhabi before after pandemic outbreak. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included who underwent elective Burjeel Hospital between January 2018 December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on when outbreak started: group one, comprising had 2019 (the “pre-pandemic group”), two, 2021 2022 “post-pandemic group”). In addition demographic data, clinicopathological factors, such as cell type, multifocality, tumor size location, laterality, lympho-vascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, assessed. We utilized t-paired test for parametric variables Chi-square cross-table analysis. Results: During study, 1141 people surgery, with an annual average 285 procedures. PTC cases recorded final histopathological samples rose from 111 pre-pandemic era 182 post-pandemic era. Neither female-to-male gender ratio, which 90:21 142:40 (p = 0.532), nor median age, 39.1 40.1 years, respectively, varied significantly groups. However, there a significant increase (3% vs. 11.5%, p 0.001), increased poor prognostic factors bilateral multifocality (10.8% 32.4%, 0.000), well capsule–vascular invasion (19.8% 27%); other hand, single foci 17 mm compared 13 0.001). Conclusions: A rise unfavorable markers subtypes seen thyroidectomy operated leading United Arab Emirates.

Language: Английский

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Association of thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function role hormones alterations in predicting severity COVID-19. Online databases, including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane were searched up August 2, 2022. After screening titles, abstracts, full manuscripts, respectively, 30 reports enrolled. The risk bias (ROB) evaluated using QUADAS-2 tool. In addition, odds ratio (OR) hazard (HR) analysis for assessing OR abnormal tests (TFT) poor outcomes. Among enrolled studies, ROB current study is estimated low moderate. average number patients each 325 (range: 40-3,703), with an overall mean age 57.6, female proportion 40.4%. Overall, pooled showed that prevalence dysfunction among 9,707 cases 15%. mild moderate patients, 6.2% had TFT, who experienced severe critical COVID-19, 20.8% TFT. TFT obtained from 3,865 3.77 (2.03, 6.99). HR TSH level mortality 1.57 (0.91, 2.72). Our results demonstrate a high 3.77-fold higher compared Further studies are required longer-term prognostic investigate potential therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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A 6-Year Retrospective Study in Surgery Patients with Thyroid Diseases in Mureș County, Romania, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 287 - 287

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Background/Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic period on time trend prevalence thyroid pathology in a university hospital Romania. Methods: We performed 6-year retrospective study (2017–2022) including all patients who underwent surgery, registered Pathology Department, Emergency County Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania (n = 971). Thyroid lesions were grouped into three major categories: (1) benign, non-tumoral; (2) tumoral; and (3) malignant, tumoral. To annual rate surgeries pathology, data analyzed comparison: before (2017–2019) versus (2020–2022) period. Results: A significant decrease mean number specimens per year was observed compared previous (131 192 cases, p 0.0023). benign most frequent, but their significantly lower during (50.8%) (58.6%) (p 0.017). Benign tumors rare, revealing similar occurrence rates both periods. By contrast, malignant increased (26.3% 35.4%, 0.002), common histopathological type being papillary carcinoma. Conclusions: Along with (starting 2020), due reduced access medical investigations, many cancers remained unoperated our hospital. Consequently, has led an cases years that came after.

Language: Английский

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Nodular goiter and anamnesis of COVID-19: clinical and pathogenetic relationships, sonographic and cytological features

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 102(9-10), P. 714 - 722

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

There is literature data on the development of destructive thyroiditis in patients with COVID-19, which may increase risk thyroid pathology post-COVID period. Special attention paid to autoimmune diseases, while impact COVID-19 nodular goiter (NG) has been studied little. The aim this study was investigate sonographic and cytological features a recent history COVID-19. Materials Methods: A total 132 who sequentially presented healthcare facility between October May 2021-2022, where they were fi rst diagnosed goiter, examined. Of these, 36 denied (control group), 96 had experienced it 2-9 months prior (main group). Results: According data, there more main group microcalcifications (17 (17.8%) vs. 2 (5.6%), p = 0.047), cystic components nodules (22 (22.9%) 0.015), hypoechoic (23 (23.9%) 4 (11.1%), 0.078). In group, signs degenerative changes thyrocytes combined macrophage clusters frequently observed, nonspecifi c but common manifestation consequences (16 (39.0%) (10.0%), 0.017). Conclusion: Nodular identified period characterized by an increased prevalence microcalcifi cations, tendency towards reduced echogenicity nodules, as well cyst formation against background tissue. do not exclude propensity for oncogenic disorders.

Language: Английский

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