Myopia and BMI: a nationwide study of 1.3 million adolescents

Obesity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 1691 - 1698

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Objective This study analyzed the association between adolescent BMI and myopia severity. Methods cross‐sectional comprised 1,359,153 adolescents who were medically examined before mandatory military service. Mild‐to‐moderate high defined based on right‐eye refractive data. was categorized US age‐ sex‐matched percentiles. Logistic regression models applied separately for women men to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per category. Results A total of 318,712 had mild‐to‐moderate 23,569 myopia. Compared with low‐normal (reference group), adjusted ORs increased increasing status, reaching 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23‐1.57) 1.73 1.19‐2.51) severe obesity, respectively, 1.19 1.12‐1.27) 1.38 1.14‐1.65) mild respectively. also higher in underweight (OR = 1.20; 95% 1.18‐1.23 OR 1.39; 1.30‐1.47) 1.06; 1.03‐1.09 1.12; 1.04‐1.22). The overall size effect greater than ( p interaction < 0.001), whom group obesity did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions associated a J‐shaped pattern, being women. indicates that both low are

Language: Английский

---

Myopia Control: Are We Ready for an Evidence Based Approach?

Ophthalmology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1453 - 1477

Published: May 7, 2024

Myopia and its vision-threatening complications present a significant public health problem. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the multitude known emerging interventions control myopia, including their potential effect, safety, costs. A systematic literature search three databases was conducted. Interventions were grouped into four categories: environmental/behavioral (outdoor time, near work), pharmacological (e.g., atropine), optical (spectacles contact lenses), novel approaches such as red-light (RLRL) therapies. Review articles original on randomized controlled trials (RCT) selected. From initial 3224 retrieved records, 18 reviews 41 reporting results from RCTs included. While there is more evidence supporting efficacy low-dose atropine certain myopia-controlling lenses in slowing myopia progression, about newer interventions, spectacle defocus incorporated multiple segments highly aspheric lenslets) limited. Behavioral i.e., increased outdoor seem effective for preventing onset if implemented successfully schools homes. environmental spectacles are regarded generally safe, lenses, RLRL may be associated with adverse effects. All except behavioral change, tied moderate high expenditures. Our suggests that recommended prescribed basis accessibility clinical practice patterns, which vary widely around world. Clinical indicate short- medium-term reducing progression various but none have demonstrated long-term effectiveness adulthood. There unmet need unified consensus strategies balance risk these methods personalized management.

Language: Английский

---

Eyecare practitioner perspectives and attitudes towards myopia and myopia management in the UK

BMJ Open Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. e001527 - e001527

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Objective Many children with progressive myopia are still prescribed single-vision correction. An investigation into UK eyecare practitioners’ (ECPs) perceptions of management was carried out to ascertain factors which may be limiting its implementation and uptake within clinical practice. Methods analysis Online focus groups were held ECPs. Participants encouraged discuss their knowledge the available options, perception how is being delivered in any barriers ECPs' prescribing these options The discussions transcribed analysed thematically. Results Focus 41 ECPs from primary secondary eyecare. felt that provision variable. Most believe they have sufficient knowledge, but a lack confidence decision-making practical experience. Less experienced sought more definitive guidance support decision-making. desired clarity on duty care obligations concerned over possible future litigation if had not offered, or referred for, when indicated. greatest barrier appears financial—treatment expensive uncomfortable communicating this parents. indicative systemic problems eyecare, such as commercial pressures, inadequate National Health Service funding poor public awareness paediatric Conclusion Myopia implemented consistently across UK. To improve accessibility, changes required at multiple levels, individual through wider stakeholders provision.

Language: Английский

---

Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor exposure in myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Outdoor exposure is considered the primary modifiable risk factor in preventing development of myopia. This effect thought to be attributed light-induced synthesis and release dopamine retina. However, until recent years, there was no objective quantifiable method available measure association between time spent outdoors It only recently that conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area, serving as a biomarker for sun exposure, has begun utilized numerous studies. To provide comprehensive summary relevant evidence pertaining CUVAF area myopia across different geographic regions age groups, systematic review meta-analysis were conducted. The search encompassed multiple databases, including MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, specific terms such "conjunctival autofluorescence", "CUVAF", "UVAF", "objective marker ocular exposure", "myopia", "degenerative myopia", "high myopia". bibliographic research included papers published years 2006 2022. A total 4051 records initially identified, after duplicates removed, 49 articles underwent full-text review. Nine These studies covered outdoor (Australia, Europe India) with population 3615 individuals. They found myopes generally had smaller areas compared non-myopes. confirmed this, revealing statistically myopic patients, mean difference − 3.30 mm 2 (95% CI 5.53; 1.06). Additionally, some showed positive correlation more larger areas. In time, patients reported less than non-myopic individuals, 3.38 h/week 4.66; 2.09). Overall, these findings highlight connection myopia, regional variations playing significant role. results this validate quantitative objectively relation development.

Language: Английский

---

Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 139 - 139

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Background: Childhood myopia represents a global concern with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Lifestyle factors significantly impact myopia. Aim: To evaluate lifestyle myopic children from metropolitan area Europe. Methods: This was descriptive study including subjects aged 4–18 years. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent (SER) axial length (AL). In addition, questionnaire on conducted between September 2022 April 2023. Results: A total of 321 included, 10.72 ± 3.05 years, whom 51.4% boys, SER −2.25 1.9 D AL 24.54 0.98 mm. The mean age onset 7.69 59.8% had family history Those who <2 h/day screen time (on weekdays) presented −2 1.91 D, compared to those >2 h/day, SER: −2.50 ±1.88 (p = 0.009). Children spent doing near work after school less (SER: −1.75 1.83 vs. −2.75 1.82, respectively, p 0.03). However, no significant association observed outdoors nor academic performance > 0.05). Conclusions: Screen near-work appear be related

Language: Английский

---

Algorithmic and sensor-based research on Chinese children’s and adolescents’ screen use behavior and light environment

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Background Myopia poses a global health concern and is influenced by both genetic environmental factors. The incidence of myopia tends to increase during infectious outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined screen-time behaviors among Chinese children adolescents investigated efficacy artificial intelligence (AI)-based alerts in modifying practices. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 6,716 with AI-enhanced tablets that monitored recorded their behavior light screen time. Results median daily time all participants 58.82 min. Among age groups, elementary-school students had longest time, which 87.25 min exceeded 4 h per week. Children younger than 2 years engaged for 41.84 day. Learning accounted 54.88% participants’ 51.03% (3,390/6,643) used 1 at an average distance &lt;50 cm. posture alarms were triggered 807,355 509,199 times, respectively. In study, 70.65% tablet under illuminance &lt;300 lux day 61.11% &lt;100 night. ambient 85.19% 4,000 K color temperature Most incorrect viewing habits (65.49% distance; 86.48% posture) rectified swiftly following AI notifications (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Young are increasingly digital screens, school-age showing longer preschoolers. highlighted inadequate lighting conditions use. proved effective prompting users correct screen-related promptly.

Language: Английский

---

Types of refractive errors in a sample of Iraqi children with Intermittent exotropia

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 1318 - 1318

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Background One of the most common strabismus types in children is intermittent exotropia, which predominantly occurs between ages 2 to 4 years. It may affect visual development and often coexists with refractive errors. Unlike esotropia, usually links hyperopia, exotropia might have a different relationship errors thus lead myopia. This study will investigate prevalence distribution challenging traditionally held hyperopia its possible contribution Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective from August 2021 December 2023, 179 patients diagnosed were recruited via an outpatient clinic Najah Al-Quraishi, Baghdad, Iraq. The compared by autorefractometry retinoscopy after cycloplegic dilation. Data analysis was constructed under use IBM SPSS V.26 for determination emmetropia, myopia, prevalence. Results Among patients, emmetropia commonly observed status, present 68 (38%). Low low myopia also common, 64 40, respectively. A limited number had moderate/high hyperopia; detail, following: 5% moderate while 0.5% suffered high myopia; symmetrically, hyperopia. From data collected, trend emerged error symmetric both eyes. Conclusion Contrasted prior conventional wisdom about strabismus, it established greater exotropia. findings call specific management strategies be applied population.

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of the level of knowledge, attitude, and preference for myopia management among patients and university students in Trinidad

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 39 - 39

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Background Approximately 1.6 billion people worldwide are currently affected by myopia, with estimates suggesting that 2050, close to half of the global population may experience this condition. Additionally, prevalence myopia has been increasing in Trinidad, rates ranging from 21.5% 46%. A study conducted determine better patients’ and students’ levels knowledge, attitudes, preferences toward management Trinidad. Methods This cross-sectional evaluated for among a sample 323 participants, including patients university students Trinidad Tobago, aged 18-40. Participants were randomly selected, data gathered using structured questionnaire administered through telephone interviews emailed students. Descriptive statistics inferential analyses, ANOVA T-tests, applied identify significant associations, p-value threshold less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results total 317 participants examined, resulting response rate 98.1%. The average knowledge score was 12 out 25. slight difference observed scores males, 0.052. results also indicated majority had good attitude (21.6 30) management. Age gender negligible negative correlation (with coefficient -0.022 0.692, respectively) preference. Conclusion reveals critical gaps diverse attitudes highlighting need targeted educational interventions. While generally positive, age influence correction, spectacles contact lenses being most preferred methods. These insights can guide healthcare professionals developing tailored approaches Tobago.

Language: Английский

---

Efficacy of Asymmetric Myopic Peripheral Defocus Lenses in Spanish Children: 24-Month Randomized Clinical Trial Results

Children, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Background/Objectives: Asymmetric myopic peripheral defocus lenses (MPDLs) have proven to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia Spanish children over a period 12 months. The purpose this study was assess MPDL spectacles’ efficacy 24-month children. Methods: This extends follow-up double-masked, prospective, and randomized clinical trial previously published 24 Children from 6 years were assigned two groups: control group wearing spherotorical single vision (SVLs) or treatment lenses. Inclusion criteria included with less than −0.50 D, astigmatism below 1.50 best-corrected visual acuity at least 20/20. Participants underwent cycloplegic autorefractive examination axial length (AL) measurements baseline six twelve months already published, twenty-four later present study. Lifestyle factors, including outdoor activities digital device use, also assessed. Baseline characteristics, age, refractive error, AL, comparable between groups. Dropout rates 15.9%, 14 participants lost follow-up, distributed equally Results: After 69 remained study, comprising 34 SVL cohort 35 cohort. Over months, showed significantly AL elongation (0.27 ± 0.23 mm 0.37 0.24 mm; p = 0.0341). mean relative increase 1.10 0.95% group, compared 1.56 1.02% (p 0.0322). Younger exhibited faster growth, while use did not affect changes. Conclusions: spectacle substantially slowed period, 28.7% absolute growth 29.8% SVL. These results indicate that are an method for progression.

Language: Английский

---

Comparison of myopia-related behaviors among Chinese school-aged children and associations with parental awareness of myopia control: a population-based, cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

In China, approximately 30 and 70% of primary middle school students, respectively, have myopia, making myopia prevention control necessary. Eye-use behaviors are closely related to highlighting the importance determining behavioral compliance rates children. Parental awareness also affects children's behaviors. Therefore, we assessed myopia-related parental school-aged children in different city tiers China with refractive statuses. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese from 110 cities aged 7-15 years. Samples were equally allocated each subgroup tiers, age groups, Questionnaires designed investigate behaviors, including responses sitting position, time eye use (single continuous near work breaks between, total after day), rest (break style during outdoor per week), light conditions learning environment at home, parents' knowledge about control. Associations between analyzed using logistic regression. total, 896 questionnaires collected. The prevalence poor ranged 23.44 84.82%, highest lowest being position eye-protecting lamps, respectively. Children third-tier more likely (p < 0.01), a non-open view front desk home = 0.02), activities break times 0.04). After adjustment for condition child's sex, mainly associated not an lamp (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-2.72), styles (OR: 1.60, CI: 1.21-2.12), excessive 1.45, 1.02-2.05). Myopia-related poorly performed children, particularly among older those living cities. Eye-protecting spent doing work, all awareness, suggesting that better helps long run. More targeted measures could be adopted help improve

Language: Английский

---