Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 546, P. 111572 - 111572

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: June 17, 2022

A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In absence effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between gut, its microbiome, central nervous system, commonly referred to as microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be contributing factor for health disease. However, exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in gut can cross intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation trigger physiological responses both directly indirectly affecting functions. Dysregulation this (i.e., dysbiosis) modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation negatively impact cognition. review, we explore critical connections microbial-derived (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives others) their influence upon function neurodegenerative disorders, particular interest less-explored role decline.

Language: Английский

---

Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 20, 2022

There is emerging evidence that diet has a major modulatory influence on brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions with important implications for brain health, and several disorders. The BGM system made up of neuroendocrine, neural, immune communication channels which establish network bidirectional between the brain, gut its microbiome. Diet not only plays crucial role in shaping microbiome, but it can modulate structure function through these channels. In this review, we summarize available from preclinical clinical studies dietary habits interventions selected group psychiatric neurologic disorders including depression, cognitive decline, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder epilepsy. We will particularly address diet-induced microbiome changes have been implicated effects, some are shared different While majority findings demonstrated cross-sectional, epidemiological studies, to date there insufficient mechanistic human make conclusions about causality specific microbially mediated function. Many benefits health attributed anti-inflammatory effects by microbial metabolites fiber polyphenols. new attention given factors potential improve treatment outcomes currently pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Arabinoxylans as Functional Food Ingredients: A Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1026 - 1026

Published: April 1, 2022

The health benefits of fibre consumption are sound, but a more compressive understanding the individual effects different fibres is still needed. Arabinoxylan complex that provides wide range strongly regulated by its chemical structure. Arabinoxylans can be found in various grains, such as wheat, barley, or corn. This review addresses influence source origin and extraction process on arabinoxylan related to short-chain fatty acid production, microbiota regulation, antioxidant capacity, blood glucose response control discussed correlated arabinoxylan's However, most studies do not investigate effect AX pure ingredient food systems, containing AXs (such bran). Therefore, AX's benefit for human deserves further investigation. relationship between structure physicochemical cereal products (pasta, cookies, cakes, bread, beer) also discussed. A strong correlation structural properties (degree branching, solubility, molecular mass) functionalities systems observed. There need address implications behind arabinoxylan-rich products. Indeed, matrix may arabinoxylans gastrointestinal tract determine which specific included non-cereal-based without being detrimental product quality.

Language: Английский

---

Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105562 - 105562

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has increasing attention on ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, positively impact behaviour though microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed axis for positive benefits. This review highlights diverse nature fermented in terms raw materials used type fermentation employed, summarises their potential shape composition microbiota, brain communication pathways including immune system and, ultimately, modulate Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps challenges faced designing human studies investigating health-promoting individual or components thereof. Importantly, also suggest solutions that can advance understanding therapeutic merit

Language: Английский

---

Gut–Brain Axis and Neuroinflammation: The Role of Gut Permeability and the Kynurenine Pathway in Neurological Disorders

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

The increasing prevalence of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis presents a significant global health challenge. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying these conditions remain elusive, with current treatments primarily addressing symptoms rather than root causes. Emerging evidence suggests that gut permeability kynurenine pathway are involved in pathogenesis conditions, offering promising targets for novel therapeutic preventive strategies. Gut refers to intestinal lining's ability selectively allow essential nutrients into bloodstream while blocking harmful substances. Various factors, including poor diet, stress, infections, genetic predispositions, can compromise integrity, leading increased permeability. This condition facilitates translocation toxins bacteria systemic circulation, triggering widespread inflammation impacts via gut-brain axis. axis (GBA) is complex communication network between central nervous system. Dysbiosis, an imbalance microbiota, increase inflammation, exacerbating neuroinflammation-a key factor disorders. pathway, primary route tryptophan metabolism, significantly implicated this process. Dysregulation context leads production neurotoxic metabolites, quinolinic acid, which contribute neuronal damage progression narrative review highlights potential progress understanding mechanisms. Interventions targeting maintaining balanced microbiota through probiotics, lifestyle modifications show promise reducing neuroinflammation supporting brain health. In addition, pharmacological approaches aimed at modulating directly, inhibitors indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, offer avenues new treatments. Understanding interconnected pathways crucial developing effective strategies prevent manage

Language: Английский

---

Critical Review of the Cross-Links Between Dietary Components, the Gut Microbiome, and Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and mental health, particularly depression, has become a focal point of contemporary research. This critical review examines how specific dietary components, such as fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, shape microbiome influence microbial metabolism in order to regulate depressive outcomes. These dietary-induced changes microbiota can modulate production metabolites, which play vital roles gut–brain communication. axis facilitates this communication through neural, immune, endocrine pathways. Alterations metabolites central nervous system (CNS) functions by impacting neuroplasticity, inflammatory responses, neurotransmitter levels—all are linked onset course depression. highlights recent findings linking components with beneficial composition reduced symptoms. We also explore challenges individual variability responses interventions long-term sustainability these strategies. underscores necessity for further longitudinal mechanistic studies elucidate precise mechanisms diet interactions be leveraged mitigate paving way personalized nutritional therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 333 - 333

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS decline share common cardiometabolic pathways components can trigger impairment. On other side, risk factors for both be reduced optimizing nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related present during prodromal period before The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among most discussed predominantly plant-based diets relation to disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests consumption specific food groups a part overall improve outcomes, maybe due their involvement paths. Conclusions: Early detection helpful or delay decline. Moreover, this highlights importance healthy habits reverse conditions urgency early lifestyle interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Diet and the microbiota–gut–brain-axis: a primer for clinical nutrition

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 443 - 450

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Diet is an essential modulator of the microbiota - gut brain communication in health and disease. Consequently, diet-induced microbiome states can impact behaviour. The integration into clinical nutrition perspectives sparse. This review will thus focus on emerging evidence microbiome-targeted dietary approaches with potential to improve disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of a high-prebiotic diet versus probiotic supplements versus synbiotics on adult mental health: The “Gut Feelings” randomised controlled trial

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Preliminary evidence supports the use of dietary interventions and gut microbiota-targeted such as probiotic or prebiotic supplementation for improving mental health. We report on first randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine effects a high-prebiotic intervention supplements health."Gut Feelings" was an 8-week, 2 × factorial RCT 119 adults with moderate psychological distress low food intake. Treatment arms: (1) supplement diet-as-usual (probiotic group); (2) diet placebo (prebiotic (3) (synbiotic (4) (placebo group). The primary outcome assessment total mood disturbance (TMD; Profile Mood States Short Form) from baseline 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, stress, sleep, wellbeing measures.A modified intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models revealed that reduced TMD relative at weeks [Cohen's d = -0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.18, -0.03; p 0.039]. There no symptom improvement (d -0.19, CI -0.75, 0.38; 0.51) synbiotic treatments -0.03, -0.59, 0.53; 0.92). Improved sleep were noted in response while tentatively improved wellbeing, placebo. No benefit found intervention. All well tolerated few adverse events.A may improve mood, A combination does not appear have beneficial effect health outcomes, though further is required. Results are limited by relatively small sample size.https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372753, identifier ACTRN12617000795392.

Language: Английский

---