Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Dec. 20, 2024
Sheep
coccidiosis
is
an
infectious
parasitic
disease
that
primarily
causes
diarrhea
and
growth
retardation
in
young
animals,
significantly
hindering
the
development
of
sheep
breeding
industry.
Cereal
grains
animal
feeds
are
frequently
contaminated
with
mycotoxins
worldwide,
aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
being
most
common
form.
AFB1
poses
a
serious
threat
to
gastrointestinal
health
upon
ingestion
affects
function
parenteral
organs,
thus
endangering
livestock
health.
However,
impact
combined
effects
coccidia
on
reproductive
system
has
not
been
reported.
Therefore,
this
study
utilized
as
model
investigate
mechanisms
underlying
toxicity
induced
by
individual
or
Eimeria
ovinoidalis
(E.
ovinoidalis)
gut–blood–reproductive
axis.
The
results
showed
adversely
affect
defense
altering
uterine
histopathology
hormone
levels
triggering
inflammation,
which
associated
changes
gut
microbiota
metabolites.
Moreover,
co-exposure
disrupted
intestinal
structure
colon,
resulting
reduced
crypt
depth.
impaired
barrier
colon
manifests
through
suppression
protein
expression,
microbiome
composition,
disruptions
metabolism.
Importantly,
blood
inflammatory
factors
(IL-6,
IL-10,
TNF-α,
LPS)
increased,
suggesting
exposure
compromises
organs
perturbing
Blood
metabolomics
analysis
further
revealed
differential
metabolites
predominantly
concentrate
amino
acid
pathway,
particularly
N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine.
This
metabolite
correlated
IL-6,
LPS,
ERα,
ERβ,
it
influences
while
inducing
damage
regulation
downstream
genes
PI3K,
AKT,
eNOS
relaxin
signaling
demonstrated
RNA
sequencing.
These
findings
reveal
for
first
time
E.
operate
at
level
suggests
regulating
its
may
represent
potential
therapeutic
strategy
addressing
coccidia-co-induced
female
toxicity.
Food Additives & Contaminants Part A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 438 - 459
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
This
review
explores
the
repercussions
of
mycotoxin
contamination
in
food
and
feed,
emphasising
potential
threats
to
agriculture,
animal
husbandry
public
health.
The
primary
objective
is
make
a
comprehensive
assessment
neurotoxic
consequences
exposure,
an
aspect
less
explored
current
literature.
Emphasis
placed
on
prominent
mycotoxins,
including
aflatoxins,
fumonisins,
zearalenone
(ZEA)
ochratoxins,
known
for
inducing
acute
chronic
diseases
such
as
liver
damage,
genetic
mutation
cancer.
To
elucidate
effects,
studies
were
conducted,
revealing
association
between
exposure
neurological
damage.
encompasses
impairments
learning
memory,
motor
alterations,
anxiety
depression.
underlying
mechanisms
involve
oxidative
stress,
disrupting
balance
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
antioxidant
capacity.
stress
linked
neuronal
brain
inflammation,
neurochemical
imbalance,
subsequent
behavioural
changes.
underscores
need
preventive
measures
against
exposure.
While
complete
avoidance
ideal,
exploration
into
use
antioxidants
viable
solution
discussed,
given
widespread
many
products.
Specifically,
protective
role
natural
compounds,
polyphenols,
highlighted,
showcasing
their
efficacy
mitigating
mycotoxicosis
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
evidenced
by
findings
various
models.
In
summary,
countering
mycotoxin-induced
neurotoxicity
requires
multifaceted
approach.
identified
compounds
show
promise,
but
practical
hinges
factors
like
bioavailability,
toxicity
understanding
action.
Extensive
research
crucial,
considering
diverse
responses
different
mycotoxins
conditions.
Successful
implementation
relies
specific
mycotoxin(s)
involved
achievable
effective
concentrations.
Further
clinical
trials
are
imperative
establish
safety
these
applications.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
258, P. 114976 - 114976
Published: May 4, 2023
Aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
and
zearalenone
(ZEN)
cause
serious
damage
to
mammals,
but
few
studies
have
investigated
the
impacts
of
these
toxins
on
pregnant
lactating
mammals.
This
study
effects
ZEN
AFB1-induced
intestinal
ovarian
toxicity
in
rats.
Based
results,
AFB1
reduces
digestion,
absorption,
antioxidant
capacity
intestine,
increases
mucosal
permeability,
destroys
mechanical
barriers,
pathogenic
bacteria'
relative
abundances.
Simultaneously,
can
exacerbate
injury
caused
by
AFB1.
The
intestines
offspring
were
also
damaged,
was
less
severe
than
that
observed
for
dams.
While
activates
various
signalling
pathways
ovary
affects
genes
related
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
apoptosis,
inflammation,
may
or
antagonize
gene
expression
through
key
node
abnormally
expressed
genes.
Our
found
mycotoxins
not
only
directly
ovaries
affect
impact
health
disrupting
microbes.
Mycotoxins
are
an
important
environmental
factor
disease
pregnancy
lactation
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 24 - 24
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Food
contamination
with
mycotoxin-producing
fungi
increases
the
risk
of
many
diseases,
including
neurological
diseases
closely
related
to
neurotoxicity
these
toxins.
Based
on
latest
literature
data,
we
presented
association
common
Fusarium
mycotoxins
diseases.
Articles
from
2001
2024
were
analyzed.
The
mechanisms
underlying
described
presented.
They
are
mainly
increase
in
oxidative
stress
neuronal
cells,
which
leads
higher
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
as
IL-1β,
IL-6
and
TNF-α,
enzymatic
activity
GST,
GPx,
CAT
SOD
neurotransmitter
dysfunction
(5-HT,
serotonin,
dopamine
GABA).
At
end
article,
based
attempted
present
ways
mitigate
mycotoxin
using
natural
substances
plant
origin.
data
this
review
focus
most
frequently
found
food
will
be
useful
comparative
information
for
future
studies.
It
is
important
conduct
further
studies
neurotoxic
effects
order
reduce
development
nervous
system.
