Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: May 15, 2018
Post-traumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
is
a
common,
costly,
and
often
debilitating
psychiatric
condition.
However,
the
biological
mechanisms
underlying
this
disease
are
still
largely
unknown
or
poorly
understood.
Considerable
evidence
indicates
that
PTSD
results
from
dysfunction
in
highly-conserved
brain
systems
involved
stress,
anxiety,
fear,
reward.
Pre-clinical
models
of
traumatic
exposure
critical
defining
neurobiological
PTSD,
which
will
ultimately
aid
development
new
treatments
for
PTSD.
Single
prolonged
(SPS)
pre-clinical
model
displays
behavioral,
molecular,
physiological
alterations
recapitulate
many
same
observed
illustrating
its
validity
giving
it
utility
as
investigating
post-traumatic
adaptations
pre-trauma
risk
protective
factors.
In
manuscript,
we
review
present
state
research
using
SPS
model,
with
goals
(1)
describing
tool
post-trauma
adaptations,
(2)
relating
findings
to
patients
(3)
indicating
gaps
strategies
address
them
order
improve
our
understanding
pathophysiology
Oncotarget,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
8(69), P. 114393 - 114413
Published: Dec. 11, 2017
//
Nils
Lannes
1
,
Elisabeth
Eppler
2
Samar
Etemad
3
Peter
Yotovski
and
Luis
Filgueira
Albert
Gockel,
Anatomy,
Department
of
Medicine,
University
Fribourg,
CH-1700
Switzerland
Pestalozzistrasse
Zo,
BioMedicine,
Basel,
CH-4056
Building
71/218
RBWH
Herston,
Centre
for
Clinical
Research,
The
Queensland,
QLD
4029
Brisbane,
Australia
Correspondence
to:
Filgueira,
email:
[email protected]
Keywords:
microglia;
neuroinflammation;
neurodegeneration;
virus
infection;
brain
cancer
Received:
August
23,
2017
Accepted:
November
15,
Published:
December
11,
2017
ABSTRACT
Microglia
cells
are
the
unique
residential
macrophages
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
They
have
a
special
origin,
as
they
derive
from
embryonic
yolk
sac
enter
developing
CNS
at
very
early
stage.
play
an
important
role
during
development
adult
homeostasis.
major
contribution
to
neurogenesis
neuroinflammation.
Thus,
participate
in
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
diseases
contribute
aging.
sustaining
breaking
blood-brain
barrier.
As
innate
immune
cells,
substantially
response
against
infectious
agents
affecting
CNS.
also
growth
tumours
consequently
key
cell
population
linking
system.
This
review
covers
all
different
aspects
microglia
biology
pathology
comprehensive
way.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2021
Abstract
Background
Alteration
of
immune
status
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
has
been
implicated
development
post-traumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD).
However,
nature
overall
changes
brain
immunocyte
landscape
PTSD
condition
remains
unclear.
Methods
We
constructed
a
mouse
model
by
electric
foot-shocks
followed
contextual
reminders
and
verified
PTSD-related
symptoms
behavior
test
(including
freezing
test,
open-field
elevated
plus
maze
test).
examined
panorama
brains
naïve
or
mice
using
single-cell
mass
cytometry.
Microglia
number
morphological
hippocampus,
prefrontal
cortex,
amygdala
were
analyzed
histopathological
methods.
The
gene
expression
those
microglia
detected
quantitative
real-time
PCR.
Genetic/pharmacological
depletion
minocycline
treatment
before
exposure
was
performed
to
study
role
progress.
Results
found
are
major
cells
that
respond
PTSD.
ratio
immunocytes
significantly
increased
on
fifth
day
foot-shock
exposure.
Furthermore,
analysis
profiling
revealed
temporal
patterns
microglial
activation
hippocampus
brains.
Importantly,
we
genetic/pharmacological
alleviated
PTSD-associated
anxiety
fear.
Conclusion
Our
results
demonstrated
critical
for
potential
therapeutic
strategy
clinical
form
inhibition.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: July 30, 2020
Abstract
High
trait
anxiety
is
a
substantial
risk
factor
for
developing
disorders
and
depression.
While
neuroinflammation
has
been
identified
to
contribute
stress-induced
anxiety,
little
known
about
potential
dysregulation
in
the
neuroinflammatory
system
of
genetically
determined
pathological
or
high
individuals.
We
report
microglial
alterations
various
brain
regions
mouse
model
(HAB).
In
particular,
dentate
gyrus
(DG)
hippocampus
HABs
exhibited
enhanced
density
average
cell
area
Iba1+,
phagocytic
(CD68+/Iba1+)
microglia
compared
normal
(NAB)
controls.
Minocycline
was
used
assess
capacity
putative
‘inhibitor’
modulating
hyperanxiety
behavior
HABs.
Chronic
oral
minocycline
indeed
reduced
HAB
hyperanxiety,
which
associated
with
significant
decreases
Iba1+
CD68+Iba1+
densities
DG.
Addressing
causality,
it
demonstrated
that
longer
(10
days),
but
not
shorter
(5
periods
microinfusions
locally
into
DG
Iba-1+
attenuated
hyperanxiety-related
behavior,
indicating
at
least
partially
involved
maintenance
anxiety.
The
present
data
reveal
evidence
disturbances
individuals
likely
by
modulation
activity
within
Thus,
suggest
drugs
microglia-targeted
anti-inflammatory
properties
could
be
promising
as
novel
alternative
complimentary
anxiolytic
therapeutic
approaches
specific
subgroups
predisposed
hyperanxiety.
Annals of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
54(1), P. 413 - 425
Published: Jan. 31, 2022
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
prescriptions
have
multiple
bioactive
properties.
"Gui
Zhi-Shao
Yao"
herb
pair
is
widely
used
to
treat
chronic
pain
(CP),
as
well
anxiety
and
depression.
However,
its
related
targets
underlying
mechanisms
not
been
deciphered.In
this
study,
the
network
pharmacology
method
was
explore
components
of
further
elucidate
potential
biological
action
in
treatment
CP
with
comorbid
disorder
(AD)
mental
depression
(MD).Following
a
series
analyses,
we
identified
15
active
compounds,
hitting
130
targets.
After
intersections
CP,
AD
MD
-
sorted
by
value
degree
nine
were
vital
ones:
Akt1,
IL6,
TNF,
PTGS2,
JUN,
CASP3,
MAPK8,
PPARγ
NOS3.
Gene
ontology
(GO)
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
(KEGG)
analysis
results
demonstrated
11
pathways,
such
AGE-RAGE
signalling
pathway,
IL-17
TNF
which
primarily
participate
pathological
processes.This
study
preliminarily
predicted
verified
pharmacological
molecular
for
treating
from
holistic
perspective.
In
vivo
vitro
experiments
will
be
required
investigate
mechanisms.KEY
MESSAGEA
approach
applied
identify
key
mechanisms.Nine
regarded
depression.Predicted
pathways
therapy
mechanism
pair.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2019
Abstract
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
a
potential
role
of
transient
receptor
vanilloid
1
(TRPV1)
channels
in
inflammatory
and
cancer-related
pain.
However,
the
TRPV1
maintenance
neuropathic
pain
remains
elusive.
The
current
study
investigated
effects
Trpv1
gene
silencing
using
small
interference
RNA
(siRNA)
on
induced
by
chronic
constriction
injury
(CCI)
sciatic
nerve
rats.
Seven
days
after
CCI,
siRNA
was
intrathecally
administered
(5
µg/15
µl,
once
daily
for
2
days).
Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent
protein
kinase
II
(CAMKII)
expression
extracellular
signal-regulated
(ERK)
phosphorylation
spinal
cord
were
detected
western
blotting.
thresholds
to
mechanical
thermal
stimuli
determined
before
intrathecal
administration.
CAMKII
ERK2
upregulated
CCI.
Intrathecal
administration
not
only
attenuated
behavioural
hyperalgesia
but
also
reduced
CAMKII,
as
well
phosphorylation.
Based
these
results,
attenuates
inhibiting
CAMKII/ERK2
activation
that
represents
target
therapy.
