Methylene blue-encapsulated liposome for immobilization-free electrochemical immunoassay of interleukin-6 from nervous headache

The Analyst, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protects neurons by inhibiting the expression of factors related to neuronal injury in nervous headache patients. The development rapid and sensitive IL-6 detection methods will be very advantageous for easing pain such In this work, an immobilization-free immunodetection method is explored voltammetric screening serum samples from Initially, methylene-blue-encapsulated liposomes (MBLS) labeled with anti-IL-6 antibodies are confined capture antibody-coated microplate through a sandwich-type immunoreaction, subsequently subjected lysis treatment. After that, lytic solution transferred into cell including Nafion-modified working electrode. Methylene blue molecules positive charge captured on negatively charged Nafion membrane, thus generating signal. peak currents relative amount solution. Under optimized experimental situations, MBLS-based split-type electrochemical sensing protocols have acceptable 0.01 100 pg mL-1, allow at concentration as low 9.1 fg mL-1. batch-to-batch coefficients variation were ≤11.95%. Good anti-interference capability was achieved against other biomolecules. Seven human specimens two diluted obtained patients determined immunoassay, well-matched results comparison those ELISA protocol.

Language: Английский

Fraxin Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses via the TLR4/PI3K/Akt Pathway

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 308 - 308

Published: April 27, 2025

Fraxin is a bioactive compound derived from Cortex Fraxini. It known for its diverse biological activities and numerous benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory effects. Despite growing interest in natural compounds cardiovascular diseases Fraxin’s atheroprotective properties molecular targets have not yet been fully elucidated. To address this gap, our research employed an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, docking simulations, vitro validation to systematically unravel therapeutic mechanisms against atherosclerosis (AS). The results showed that 84 potential AS were predicted through public databases, the key target TLR4 was identified by protein–protein interaction analysis. GO enrichment KEGG pathway analysis revealed these significantly enriched PI3K-Akt oxidative stress responses pathways. Subsequently conducted studies validated modulates TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling suppress reactive oxygen species generation downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines Il1b, Il6, Tnf thereby slowing atherosclerotic disease advancement. This investigation methodically delineates underlying management, establishing scientific foundation translation into clinical practice.

Language: Английский

Tumor microenvironment and immune-related myositis: addressing muscle wasting in cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 2, 2025

Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages the immune system to target neoplastic cells, has undergone significant transformation in recent. However, immunotherapy may have negative effects on skeletal muscle function, causing wasting and functional decline cancer patients. In this study, we review mechanisms by influences muscle, focusing immune-related myositis, inflammation, metabolic alterations within tumor microenvironment (TME). The key methodologies, including biomechanical assessment techniques such as electrical impedance myography ultrasound imaging, are discussed provide valuable insights into process that maintain integrity function patients receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, dual of suppression damage described, revealing significance inflammatory cytokines, checkpoints, disturbances TME. Importantly, propose combination therapies integrating nutritional interventions or anti-inflammatory potential approaches for mitigating wasting. This study highlights need deeper investigations optimize improve its efficacy preserving health, thereby improving patient outcomes quality life.

Language: Английский