Simulations of the infant gut microbiota suggest that complex ecological interactions regulate effects of human milk oligosaccharides on microbial mucin consumption

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 18, 2024

ABSTRACT Intestinal mucin acts as a barrier protecting the infant gut wall against diseases such colitis and rotavirus. In vitro experiments have shown that microbiota of breastfed infants consumes less than non-breastfed infants, but mechanisms are incompletely understood. The main difference between human milk most formulas is presence oligosaccharides (HMOs) in milk. We hypothesize HMOs protect by stimulating non-mucin consuming bacteria. To understand un-derlying we developed computational model describes metabolism ecology microbiota. Model simulations suggest extracellular digestion HMO 2’-fucosyllactose mucin-consumer Bifidobacterium bifidum may make this species vulnerable to competitors. products become ‘public goods’ can be consumed competing Bacteroides vulgatus instead. longum , which does not consume or produce public goods, then dominant, despite growing efficiently on monocultures B. . conclusion, our that, through complex ecological interactions, help lower consumption consumer at expense

Language: Английский

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3D-aware neural network for analyzing neuron morphology

Published: April 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 30, 2024

Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system (CNS) have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult CNS 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy images these split-GAL4 to connectomes reconstructed from electron images. The collections are result screening over 77,000 split hemidriver combinations. Previously published new included, all validated for expression curated optimal cell-type specificity across diverse types. In addition stocks well-characterized lines, we make available 300,000 3D lines.

Language: Английский

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Author response: A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types

Published: July 30, 2024

Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy images these split-GAL4 to connectomes reconstructed from electron images. The collections are result screening over 77,000 split hemidriver combinations. In addition stocks for well-characterized lines, we make available 300,000 new 3D lines.

Language: Английский

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BIFROST: A method for registering diverse imaging datasets of the Drosophila brain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(47)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Imaging methods that span both functional measures in living tissue and anatomical fixed have played critical roles advancing our understanding of the brain. However, making direct comparisons between different imaging modalities, particularly spanning tissue, has remained challenging. For example, comparing brain-wide neural dynamics across experiments aligning such data to resources, as gene expression patterns or connectomes, requires precise alignment a common set coordinates. reaching this goal is difficult because registering vivo ex reference atlases accommodating differences modality, microscope specification, sample preparation. We overcome these challenges

Language: Английский

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