Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation

IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is integral to sustainable agriculture and enhances plant resilience abiotic biotic stressors. Through their symbiotic association with roots, AM improves nutrient water uptake, activates antioxidant defenses, facilitates hormonal regulation, contributing improved health productivity. Plants release strigolactones, which trigger spore germination hyphal branching, a process regulated by genes, such as D27 , CCD7 CCD8 MAX1 . recognition plants mediated receptor-like kinases (RLKs) LysM domains, leading the formation of arbuscules that optimize exchange. Hormonal regulation plays pivotal role in this symbiosis; cytokinins enhance colonization, auxins support arbuscule formation, brassinosteroids regulate root growth. Other hormones, salicylic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic abscisic also influence colonization stress responses, further bolstering resilience. In addition health, soil improving microbial diversity, structure, cycling, carbon sequestration. This supports pH pathogen suppression, offering alternative chemical fertilizers fertility. To maximize ’s potential agriculture, future research should focus on refining inoculation strategies, enhancing compatibility different crops, assessing long-term ecological economic benefits. Optimizing applications critical for agricultural resilience, food security, farming practices.

Language: Английский

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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in the Arid Desert Ecosystems of Kuwait: Detection and Identification from Perennial Native Grass Roots

Diversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 130 - 130

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a key role in enduring stresses desert ecosystems, as they enhance the moisture and nutrient supply to plants. An investigation was carried out detect existence of AMF root regions five perennial native grasses Kuwait (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Pennisetum divisum (Forssk.) Henr., Panicum turgidum Forssk.) comparison with non-native grass (Panicum virgatum L.). The plants, C. P. had highest colonization (100%) vesicles, followed by (90%). arbuscules grass, (60%), (50%). Phylogenetic analysis for molecular identification determine genetic diversity community association plant roots two dominant species, i.e., L. turgidum, against virgatum, revealed rich diversity. AMF, Claroideoglomus lamellosum, Rhizophagus sp. were identified from roots, iranicus almost 98–100% sequence similarity, indicating significant difference between mycorrhizal species nativity grasses. This research confirms associated plants emphasizes their symbiosis host specificity. Thus, this study provides insight into structures, functions, profiling, allowing us understand ecological economic impacts, ultimately implement strategies sustainable biodiversity, productivity, ecosystem management.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Sorghum Growth: Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Sorgoleone

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 423 - 423

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

The low availability of phosphorus (P) in soil is one the main constraints on crop production. Plants have developed several strategies to increase P use efficiency, including modifications root morphology, exudation different compounds, and associations with microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aimed investigate effect sorgoleone compound AMF colonization its subsequent impact uptake, rhizosphere microbiota, sorghum growth. experiment was conducted a greenhouse using genotype P9401, known for Three doses purified (20 μM, 40 80 μM) were added low-P plants harvested after 45 days. Treatments included inoculation Rhizophagus clarus negative control without inoculum. addition μM did not significantly mycorrhization. However, treatment 20 combined R. increased total biomass by 1.6-fold (p ≤ 0.05) compared non-inoculated treatment. influenced only fungal affecting bacterial community, whereas showed no either. activities acid alkaline phosphatases rhizospheric differ among treatments. Furthermore, genes CYP71AM1, associated biosynthesis, Sb02g009880, Sb06g002560, Sb06g002540, Sb03g029970 (related phosphate transport induced mycorrhiza) upregulated fine roots under these conditions. concentration can enhance promote plant growth conditions, altering microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Impact of long-term loquat cultivation on rhizosphere soil characteristics and AMF community structure: implications for fertilizer management

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 13, 2025

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in assisting the growth different fruit tree species is well-established, yet impact loquat cultivation under long-term human management on rhizosphere soil characteristics and AMF community structure remains unresolved. To address this knowledge gap, we collected roots samples from 20-year-old a germplasm resources nursery with consistent water nutrient conditions including one wild (YS), three pure (GXQH, MHH, DWX), four hybrid (ZJ90, JT, JTH, ZU7). Our analysis revealed that colonization rates ranged 40.57% to 65.54%, Glomus (30.72%) Paraglomus (29.46%) being dominant genera across all varieties. dominated species, while prevailed species. YS exhibited highest richness than cultivars. Significant variations nutrients enzyme activities among Total nitrogen (TN) total potassium (TK) were significantly negatively correlated relative abundance genera, suggesting may reduce abundance. Mantel test showed carbon (TC) organic matter (SOM) key factors influencing composition ( P <0.01). These positively genus (0.06, R 2 = 0.05) but rare such as Ambispora (−0.08, 0.24). Overall, these findings confirmed plant varieties or genotypes drive changes communities further demonstrated enrichment reduces diversity communities. results support use biofertilizers reducing fertilizer application.

Language: Английский

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How do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance drought resistance of Leymus chinensis?

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 10, 2025

Leymus chinensis is a vital, dominant grass species in Eurasian temperate grasslands, including the Inner Mongolian steppe. L. exhibits enhanced drought tolerance through symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The physiological mechanisms behind this resistance need to be unraveled. A pot experiment was conducted four inoculation treatments (inoculation Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, or both, and no inoculation) three (no (75.00% field capacity), mild (56.25% severe (37.50% capacity)) analyze how AMF enhance of chinensis. results showed that stress inhibited growth chinensis, depending on its intensity, whereas significantly improved alleviated effects stress. Regardless conditions, key biochemistry parameters, soluble sugar concentration antioxidant enzyme activities, ultimately promoting plant productivity. Structural equation models (SEMs) further increase biomass inoculated during primarily due reduced catalase activity increased cytokinin by concentration. However, under drought, associated caused peroxidase which vary severity drought. enhancing photosynthetic improve Under sugars activating expression genes, thereby improving resistance. Additionally, C. etunicatum maintains high ectomycelium requiring less carbon sources efficiently absorb residual soil moisture thus superiorly This study provides theoretical foundation for application fertilizer productivity arid grasslands.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza and exoenzymes to nitrogen acquisition of sorghum under drought

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 15, 2025

Introduction For low-fertile and degraded soils of sub-Saharan Africa, nitrogen (N) is often the most growth-limiting factor restricting crop yields. The often-suggested exploitation advantageous rhizosphere traits such as enzyme secretion and/or symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remains to be validated a potential strategy overcome N limitation, especially when deficiency co-occurs further abiotic stresses water scarcity. Methods Three sorghum genotypes were cultivated in soil mesocosms root-exclusion compartment, where only AMF could scavenge for nutrients under drought optimal conditions. Plant carbon (C) investment into uptake tracked by 15 application coupled 13 CO 2 labeling Results Under drought, mineral from compartment increased 4–12 times compared well-watered In addition, stress enhanced below-ground allocation recently assimilated C microbial biomass. Drought reduced enzymatic (Vmax) chitinase while increasing leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. This suggests that acquisition via protein mineralization was relatively chitin following moisture limitation. LAP substrate affinity (Km) genotype-specific shifts systems observed. Conclusion Our findings suggest activated its associated microbiome. not led shift enzyme-driven distinct organic sources but also induced strong increase AMF-based mycosphere. trait plasticity response may harnessed stabilize food production increasingly negative impacts droughts due climate change.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Interaction on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Signal Regulation in Woody Plants

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 490 - 490

Published: April 30, 2025

This article methodically reveals how, in woody plants (poplar), the interaction between N and P coordinates root structure nutrient absorption through a complex hormone signaling network. study bridges significant gap our knowledge of networks. The results demonstrate that NO3− significantly enhances gene expression enzymatic activity organic acid synthases (MDH, PEPC) APs. Furthermore, it synergizes with IAA/ABA signals to refine structure, enhancing surface area for absorption. In low Pi availability environments, further promotes recycling by simultaneously boosting levels transport proteins (notably, PHO family), facilitating myo-inositol phosphate metabolism (via IMP3/ITPK1-mediated PP-InsPs degradation), augmenting IAA/SA signals. induces assimilation enzymes (GS/GOGAT/GDH), nitrogen metabolism. However, absence N, leads metabolic imbalance characterized high but efficiency. Alternatively, adequate allows improve robustness efficiency, mediated IAA/GA accumulation ABA (e.g., SNRK2/ABF). We propose existence an intricate network poplar, orchestrated transcriptional cascades, regulation, hormonal synergism. Key modules such as SPX-PHR, NLA, HHO2, MYB59 are likely central this network’s function. These findings offer foundational framework development molecular breeding precise fertilization strategies, efficient use forestry.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Warming and Nitrogen Application on the Stoichiometric Characteristics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Forest Ecosystems

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2121 - 2121

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most widely distributed microorganisms in all terrestrial ecosystems, playing an important role supplying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to plants nutrient cycling. The contribution discusses responses rises temperature atmospheric N deposition stoichiometric features plant–soil–litter–microorganism–soil hydrolases forest ecosystems. It summarizes that AM play context global change carbon (C), N, P characteristics plant–soil systems. In this study, under conditions warming with application, it said will strongly influence C, addition that, presence may weaken certain impacts on limitations plants, increasing their plant dependency symbionts. also seem control soil transformation but simultaneously enhance stability, accelerate litter decomposition, shorten cycling time P.

Language: Английский

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