Use of 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among U.S. Children: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(37), P. 1174 - 1181

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 [Prevnar 13, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a subsidiary of Pfizer, Inc]) and the 23-valent polysaccharide (PPSV23 [Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC]) have been recommended for U.S. children, recommendations vary by age group risk (1,2). In 2021, 15-valent (PCV15 [Vaxneuvance, Merck was licensed use in adults aged ≥18 years (3). On June 17, 2022, Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved an expanded usage PCV15 to include persons 6 weeks-17 years, based on studies that compared antibody responses with those PCV13 (4). contains serotypes 22F 33F (in addition serotypes) conjugated CRM197 (genetically detoxified diphtheria toxin). 22, CDC's Advisory Committee Immunization Practices (ACIP) as option vaccination <19 according currently dosing schedules ACIP employed Evidence Recommendation (EtR) Framework,* using Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE)† approach guide its deliberations regarding these vaccines. Risk-based PPSV23 2-18 certain underlying medical conditions§ increase disease not changed.

Language: Английский

---

Strengths and weaknesses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

Glycoconjugate Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 135 - 148

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Multivalent vaccines addressing an increasing number of Streptococcus pneumoniae types (7-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 20-valent) have been licensed over the last 22 years. The use polysaccharide-protein conjugate has pivotal in reducing incidence invasive pneumococcal disease despite emergence non-vaccine serotypes. Notwithstanding its undoubtable success, some weaknesses called for continuous improvement vaccination. For instance, their inclusion vaccines, there are challenges associated with In particular, type 3 remains a major cause several countries.Here deep revision strengths and other vaccine candidates currently clinical development is reported.

Language: Английский

---

A dynamic transmission model for assessing the impact of pneumococcal vaccination in the United States

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0305892 - e0305892

Published: April 2, 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a bacterial pathogen that kills more than 300,000 children every year across the globe. Multiple vaccines exist prevent pneumococcal disease, with each vaccine covering variable number of 100 known serotypes. Due to high effectiveness these vaccines, new conjugate (PCV) introduction has resulted in decrease vaccine-type disease and shift serotype distribution towards non-vaccine types phenomenon called replacement. Here, an age-structured compartmental model was created reproduced historical carriage transmission dynamics United States used evaluate population-level impact introductions into pediatric population. The incorporates co-colonization competition, which drives replacement by types. calibrated age- serotype-specific invasive (IPD) data from States. Vaccine-specific coverage were integrated accordance recommended timelines for age group. Demographic parameters derived US-population-specific databases, while population mixing patterns informed US-specific published literature on age-group based matrices. then project epidemiological PCV15, 15-valent vaccine, compared status quo vaccination PCV13 demonstrated value added serotypes PCV15. Projections revealed PCV15 would reduce IPD incidence 6.04% (range: 6.01% 6.06%) over 10 years when PCV13.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France: A Pediatric Prospective Nasopharyngeal Carriage Study from 2001 to 2022

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1020 - 1020

Published: June 6, 2023

Epidemiological surveillance of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage is important for monitoring serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance, particularly before after the implementation conjugate vaccines (PCVs). With a prospective study in France, we aimed to analyze dynamics carriage, susceptibility children aged 6 24 months who had acute otitis media between 2001 2022 with focus on late PCV13 period from May 2014 July 2022. Trends were analyzed segmented linear regression autoregressive error. For 17,136 enrolled, overall was stable during study. During period, five most frequent serotypes all non-PCV13 serotypes: 15B/C (14.3%), 23B (11.0%), 11A (9.6%), 15A (7.4%) 35B (6.5%). same observed rebound penicillin non-susceptibility (+0.15% per month, 95% confidence interval, +0.08 0.22, p < 0.001). Five accounted 64.4% non-susceptible strains: (17.5%), (14.9%), (13.9%), (9.9%) 19F (8.2%); non-PCV13/PCV15 <1%, non-PCV15/PCV20 28%. The next generation PCVs, PCV20, may disrupt contribute decreasing rate resistance among pneumococci.

Language: Английский

---

Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Otitis Media From 1990 to 2019: A Population Based Study

Ear and Hearing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(3), P. 658 - 665

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Objectives: Otitis media is one of the most important causes hearing loss at an early age. Effective vaccination with routine 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was introduced in 2000. It has been gradually replaced by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D or higher-valent 13-valent PCV (PCV-13) since 2010. Data on change otitis burden recent years are sparse global, regional, and national levels. Design: The Global Burden Disease 2019 study used to evaluate prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) geographic populations worldwide from 1990 2019. These global trends were further analyzed subgroup (age, sex, sociodemographic index [SDI]). Results: Globally, all-age rate prevalence (AAPC = −0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.7 −0.8), DALYs −1.0, CI −1.1 −1.0), mortality −6.8, −7.3 −6.4) decreased constantly between incidence sharply 2000 2009 AAPC −1.2 (95% −1.4 −0.9) continued downward trend 2010 −0.2, −0.3 −0.1). In 2019, children aged 1 4 old had highest 29,127.3 per 100,000 population, while young adults under 30 accounted for 91.3% incident cases. Individuals living middle-SDI countries largest increase media, 0.3 0.3) increasing SDI. Regionally, observed high-income Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe, Western Sub-Saharan Africa Nationally, Republic Korea, 0.8 0.6 1.1) same time period. Conclusions: There have successful previous endeavors reduce attributed a scale. experienced sharp decline following introduction PCV-7 2000, this persisted subsequent adoption PCV-13/pneumococcal vaccine. Continual epidemiological surveillance media’s trends, pathogen distribution, resistance patterns remains imperative.

Language: Английский

---

New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 523 - 534

Published: April 25, 2023

Acute otitis media (AOM) affects most (80%) children by 5 years of age and is the common reason are prescribed antibiotics. The epidemiology AOM has changed considerably since widespread use pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which broad-reaching implications for management.

Language: Английский

---

Economic burden of acute otitis media, pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the United States after the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines during 2014–2018

BMC Health Services Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 25, 2023

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among children. This study quantified HRU cost acute otitis media (AOM), pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).The IBM MarketScan® Commercial Claims Encounters Multi-State Medicaid databases from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Children with AOM, all-cause or IPD episodes identified using diagnosis codes in inpatient outpatient claims. costs described for each condition the commercial Medicaid-insured populations. National estimates number total ($US 2019 extrapolated data US Census Bureau.Approximately 6.2 5.6 million AOM children, respectively, during period. Mean per episode was $329 (SD $1505) $184 $1524) A 619,876 531,095 pneumonia cases respectively. $2304 $32,309) $1682 $19,282) population. 858 1130 $53,213 $159,904) $23,482 $86,209) Nationally, there over 15.8 annually, estimated $4.3 billion, 1.5 $3.6 about 2200 $98 million.The economic burden children substantial. its manifestations associated higher episode, compared pneumonia. However, owing their frequencies, main contributors nationally. Additional interventions, such as development conjugate vaccinees sustained protection existing vaccine type serotypes well broader inclusion additional serotypes, are necessary further reduce caused by these manifestations.

Language: Английский

---

Panel 1: Epidemiology and global health, including child development, sequelae and complications

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 111861 - 111861

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

To summarise the published research evidence on epidemiology of otitis media, including risk factors and sequelae associated with this condition. Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library covering period from 2019 to June 1st, 2023. We conducted a broad search strategy using [Medical Subject Heading] combined text words identify relevant articles prevalence, incidence, factors, complications, for acute media effusion, chronic suppurative media. At least one review author independently screened titles abstracts retrieved records each condition determine whether study was eligible inclusion. Any discrepancies were resolved by reviewing full followed discussion second author. Studies more than 100 participants prioritised. Over 2,000 papers (OM) have been since 2019. Our has highlighted around these publications. While amount database year not increased, there an increase in epidemiological studies routinely collected data systematic methodology. Most large incidence addressed (AOM) children. Several described decrease AOM after introduction conjugate PCV vaccines. Similarly, noted when rates coronavirus disease (COVID-19) high major public health efforts reduce spread infection. There new OM adults prevalence broader range countries population subgroups. Overall, severe and/or appeared be decreasing. However, is substantial heterogeneity between populations. better use available informative, it can difficult predict without accurate examination findings. memorably, COVID-19 pandemic had enormous impact clinical services most under review. The will lead greater variability definitions diagnostic criteria used. vaccines continue important. Some lessons learned during concerning behaviours that respiratory viruses hopefully used burden future. are still many world where well described. In studied over years, potential identified. addition, understanding specific subgroups achieved.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical and economic burden of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in European children, after widespread use of PCVs–A systematic literature review of published evidence

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0297098 - e0297098

Published: April 2, 2024

Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood disease frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae . Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) can reduce the risk of AOM but may also shift etiology and serotype distribution. The aim this study was to review estimates from published literature burden in Europe after widespread use PCVs over past 10 years, focusing on incidence, etiology, distribution antibiotic resistance , economic burden. Methods This systematic included 31 European countries, for children aged ≤5 2011. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google, three conference websites. Risk bias assessed with ISPOR-AMCP-NPC, ECOBIAS or ROBIS, depending type study. Results In total, 107 relevant records identified, which revealed wide variation methodology reporting, thus limiting comparisons across outcomes. No homogenous trends identified incidence rates detection S. as cause time. There indications reduction hospitalization (decreases between 24.5–38.8% points, country, PCV time since introduction) 14–24%, country), following last two imply potential decrease burden, though not possible confirm cost data. evidence an increase distributions towards non-vaccine serotypes all countries where non-PCV data available, well limited increased within serotypes. Conclusions Though some factors point Europe, still remains high, residual uncovered present it difficult provide comprehensive, accurate up-to-date said literature. could be improved standardised methodology, reporting wider surveillance systems.

Language: Английский

---

Incidence of acute otitis media from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤ 17 years in England

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract Background The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2006 and the 13-valent (PCV13) 2010 UK. PCVs are active immunization for prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae children. aim this observational study to estimate incidence rates (IRs) AOM children ≤17 years from 2003 2019 England, before after introduction vaccines (PCVs). Methods episodes were identified using Read diagnosis codes aged Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Gold database 2019. Annual IRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) age group calculated as number episodes/person-years (PY) at risk. Interrupted time series analyses conducted rate ratios (IRR) across post-PCV7 (2007–2009), early post-PCV13 (2011–2014) late (2015–2019) periods compared pre-PCV7 period (2003–2005) generalized linear models. Results From 2019, 274,008 all-cause 1,500,686 overall IR 3690.9 (95% CI 3677.1-3704.8) per 100,000 PY. highest < 5 decreased age; 2 years: 8286.7 8216.8-8357.1); 2–4 7951.8 7902.5-8001.4); 5–17 2184.4 2172.1–2196.8) (per PY). Overall declined 40.3% between late-PCV13 4451.9 4418.1-4485.9) 2658.5 2628.6-2688.7) PY, all groups. IRRs indicated a significant decrease post-vaccination periods, period: 0.87 0.85–0.89), 0.88 0.86–0.91), 0.75 0.73–0.78). Conclusions during 2003–2019 period; however, clinical burden remains substantial among England.

Language: Английский

---