The immunosuppressive role of MDSCs in HCC: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant global burden. Despite substantial advancements in HCC treatment recent years, therapeutic efficacy remains constrained by immune evasion mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as critical immunosuppressive elements of TME, have garnered increasing attention for their role progression. Recent studies emphasize central involvement promoting evasion, tolerance, and immunosuppression HCC. This review examines contributions MDSCs to pathogenesis, elucidates underlying mechanisms, discusses ongoing clinical trials, emphasizing potential targets improving outcomes.

Language: Английский

Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Liver Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer: Analysis of the National Childhood Cancer Registry Database

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1133 - 1133

Published: March 28, 2025

Background/Objectives: Early-onset cancer is an emerging global health concern, including in the United States. However, data on early-onset liver and intrahepatic bile duct remain limited. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing trends States over past two decades. Methods: used National Childhood Cancer Registry examine temporal The analysis involved estimating age-adjusted incidence rates of cancer, stratified histological type, ethnicity, sex. Results: In 2021, rate was estimated at 0.53 per 100,000 population (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.48-0.59). From 2001 showed a significant annual percent change (APC) 1.35% CI: 0.87-1.83%). When sex, females increased significantly (APC: 3.07%, 95% 2.26-3.87%) while remaining stable males. Among racial ethnic groups, non-Hispanic American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals had highest rate, recorded 2.67 0.95-5.85). By hepatic carcinoma increasing time 1.47%, 0.96-1.99%). contrast, for hepatoblastoma unspecified tumors remained between 2021. Conclusions: Our identified States, primarily driven cases carcinoma.

Language: Английский

Assessing the effect of modifiable risk factors on hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 31, 2025

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves a variety environmental risk factors, some which have yet to be fully clarified. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study comprehensively investigates causal effect genetically predicted modifiable factors on HCC. Genetic variants related 50 that had been identified in previous research were derived from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for discovery cohort and validation HCC sourced FinnGen consortium UK Biobank, respectively. Bidirectional MR analysis sensitivity performed establish causative Through inverse variance weighted method, results indicated waist circumference, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate (AST) levels significantly linked occurrence risk. Furthermore, body fat percentage, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), obesity class 1-3, waist-to-hip ratio, iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, urate suggestive associations with further confirmed NAFLD ALT strongly Reverse genetic susceptibility was connected saturation. Sensitivity analyses showed most findings robust. This delivers evidence complex relationship between These offer new insights into potential prevention treatment strategies

Language: Английский