Comparative Analysis of Virology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Infections: Implications for Public Health and Treatment Strategies

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 269 - 283

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV -2), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are significant 21st-century pandemics with distinct virological clinical characteristics.COVID-19 primarily presents as an acute respiratory illness, while HIV leads to chronic immune suppression.Understanding their differences can enhance public health strategies treatment approaches.Purpose: This narrative review compares virology, transmission, responses, outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 inform interventions.Methods: A was conducted, synthesizing data from peer-reviewed literature expert commentary 2010 2024.Databases such PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies.Results: spreads through airborne droplets contaminated surfaces, transmits direct contact infected bodily fluids.The response involves both innate adaptive systems, potentially leading a cytokine storm in severe cases.In contrast, evades system integrating into host cells, resulting infection progressive deterioration.Treatment focuses on symptom management prevention, antiviral medications vaccines playing crucial roles.Conversely, relies antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppress viral replication maintain function. Conclusion:The highlights nature versus progression HIV.Tailored prevention essential effective disease management.Recommendations: Public should address unique transmission routes viruses.Further research vaccine development therapeutic interventions is critical improving management.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the influence of contextual factors and individual social capital on American public mask wearing in response to COVID–19

Health & Place, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 102537 - 102537

Published: Feb. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(11), P. 1174 - 1187

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Abstract Background Hand hygiene, facemask wearing, and physical distancing play a crucial role in the prevention of COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying key psychosocial determinants these precautionary behaviors contributes to effective intervention policymaking for future pandemics. Purpose This study aimed systematically review meta-analyze available evidence on general population’s practice three behaviors, based Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, Self-regulation (RANAS) framework. Methods Literature was identified by searching seven databases relevant papers. Observational experimental studies targeting population (≥18 years) published between January 2020 September 2021 were included. Pooled effect sizes calculated with inverse-variance method using random-effects models. Results A total 51 (64 samples) included qualitative synthesis, which 30 (42 meta-analysis. RANAS-based constructs including knowledge, pros attitudes, perceived norms as significant all Perceived susceptibility cons attitudes showed no associations any behaviors. severity, control, self-efficacy, behavioral intention significantly associated one or two Country (western vs. eastern hemispheres) moderated effects certain risk ability factors. Conclusions More research is needed respect intention–behavior relationship, self-regulatory reflexive factors well exploration potential moderating sociodemographic

Language: Английский

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Predicting hand washing, mask wearing and social distancing behaviors among older adults during the covid-19 pandemic: an integrated social cognition model

BMC Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Abstract Background Older adults are at a higher risk from COVID-19. Individual preventive behaviors including frequent hand washing, mask wearing, and social distancing play important roles in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 community. This study aimed to identify determinants three older during pandemic by using an Integrated Social Cognition Model. Methods Using prospective design, 516 Chinese Hubei province China (mean age = 67.55 years, SD 6.60, 57.9% females) completed two online questionnaire surveys. The demographics, cognition constructs (motivational self-efficacy, perception, attitude, subjective norm, health knowledge, intention, volitional planning, action control) were measured first-wave survey 18 May 2020 7 June 2020. One month later, again second-wave survey. Data analyzed structural equation modelling. Results Models showed motivational self-efficacy norm consistent predictors was predictor planning control, knowledge across all behaviors. In addition, mediating relationships found model washing behavior. particular, (β .109, p .042) control .056, .047) mediated between respectively. Action also .087, .044). Moreover, inclusion past models attenuated most relations. Conclusions current study’s findings basically supported Model identified key modifiable Based on this model, future interventions aiming promote among warranted.

Language: Английский

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Decreasing Wellbeing and Increasing Use of Negative Coping Strategies: The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the UK Health and Social Care Workforce

Epidemiologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 26 - 39

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Many health and social care (HSC) professionals have faced overwhelming pressures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As current situation is constantly changing, some restrictions across UK countries such as distancing mask wearing in this period (May–July 2021) began to ease, it important examine how workforce has been affected employers can help rebuild their services. The aim of study was compare cross-sectional data collected from HSC at three time points during pandemic: Phase 1 2020), 2 (November 2020–January 3 2021). Respondents surveyed (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) consisted nurses, midwives, allied professionals, workers workers. Wellbeing work-related quality life significantly declined (p < 0.001); however, no significant difference occurred between Phases > 0.05). increasingly used negative coping strategies 2020) 2021), suggesting that negatively impacted by These results potential inform employers’ policies, practices, interventions continues respond virus its legacy.

Language: Английский

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The internet usage increases fear of infection with Covid-19

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

During the Covid-19 pandemic, because of convenience and efficiency, internet has emerged as an important channel for both acquiring information engaging in social interaction.The plays a crucial role keeping individuals informed connected during pandemic. However, effects massive untruthful on internet, well excessive use especially fear panic infection with Covid-19, have not been adequately addressed. We utilize data Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) year 2021, one national, comprehensive continuous survey projects which is conducted cross-sectional among provinces mainland China each year, to test relationship between usage Covid-19. By utilizing Ordered-Probit model, we find that higher frequency significantly increases On average, when from never very often, probability feeling too fearful be infected decreases by 2%. Additionally, findings reveal impact particularly pronounced females, middle-income individuals, older those lower educational levels. The results also indicate effect greater chronic diseases, who spend less time studying, feel they are unlikely Furthermore, increases, observe corresponding rise likelihood receiving vaccine, along change attitudes towards measures implemented government.

Language: Английский

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The association between late preterm birth and cardiometabolic conditions across the life course: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 264 - 275

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Abstract Background The effect of being born late preterm (34–36 weeks gestation) on cardiometabolic outcomes across the life course is unclear. Objectives To systematically review association between (spontaneous or indicated), compared to term and in children adults. Data sources EMBASE(Ovid), MEDLINE(Ovid), CINAHL. Study selection data extraction Observational studies up July 2021 were included. characteristics, gestational age, outcomes, risk ratios (RRs), odds (ORs), hazard (HRs), mean differences 95% confidence intervals (CIs) extracted. Synthesis We pooled converted RRs using random‐effects meta‐analyses for diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) body mass index (BMI) with subgroups bias was assessed Newcastle‐Ottawa scale certainty evidence grading recommendations, assessment, development evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Forty‐one included (41,203,468 total participants; median: 5.0% preterm). Late birth associated increased diabetes (RR 1.24, CI 1.17, 1.32; nine studies; n = 6,056,511; incidence 0.9%; I 2 51%; low certainty) hypertension 1.21, 1.13, 1.30; 11 3,983,141; 3.4%; 64%; adults combined. decreased BMI z ‐scores (standard difference −0.38; −0.67, −0.09; five 32,602; proportion 8.3%; 96%; very certainty). There insufficient that IHD (HR 1.20, 0.89, 1.62; four 2,706,806; 0.3%; 87%; Conclusions an hypertension. low. Inconsistencies definitions, confounding variables outcome age limited comparability studies.

Language: Английский

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Can risk communication in mass media improve compliance behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from Vietnam

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(11/12), P. 909 - 925

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, mass media play a vital role in containing outbreak of virus by quickly and effectively delivering risk communication messages to public. This research examines effects exposure on public understanding perception compliance with health preventive measures. Design/methodology/approach Data from Vietnam during social distancing path analysis model are used for empirical analysis. Findings finds that encourages directly indirectly through mediating roles perception. Further investigations also find both online traditional facilitates compliance. In addition, only raises perception, whereas understanding. Research limitations/implications implies should be combined increase efficiency effectiveness government work. Originality/value is among first attempts examine (both online) enhancing measures

Language: Английский

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Testing persuasive messaging to encourage COVID-19 risk reduction

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. e0264782 - e0264782

Published: March 23, 2022

What types of public health messages are effective at changing people's beliefs and intentions to practice social distancing slow the spread COVID-19? We conducted two randomized experiments in summer 2020 that assigned respondents read a message then measured their behavioral across wide variety outcomes. Using both convenience sample pre-registered replication with nationally representative Americans, we find reframes not as recklessness rather than bravery highlights need for everyone take action protect one another most increasing related distancing. These results provide an evidentiary basis building campaigns increase during flu pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Cognitive Factors on Adherence to Social Distancing and the Use of Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Social Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 275 - 275

Published: May 20, 2024

Social distancing and the use of masks are crucial to prevent spread SARS-COV-2. Knowledge determinants this behavior is essential promote effective communication with public in future health crises that require mass compliance preventive behaviors. This systematic review focused on scientific evidence related cognitive factors underlie intention young adults’ adhere social (distancing and/or facial masks) against COVID-19. A literature search electronic database, PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, EBSCO was performed December 2022 according Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis guidelines. The PEO (Population: adults, Exposure: COVID-19, Outcome: adults developed identify terms inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eight studies met eligibility None were seriously flawed quality assessment, they considered have a low risk bias selection. Several emerged analysis. For both masks, most relevant adherence include perception perceived severity, moral value fairness, responsibility, trust government, respect authority, institutional communication. Adherence found self-efficacy. These results reinforce models showing relevance cognitions behavior, highlight responsibility official institutions development contexts adapting promotion recommendations launch.

Language: Английский

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