Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(4)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Daily testing for contacts of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and attendance and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in English secondary schools and colleges: an open-label, cluster-randomised trial

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 398(10307), P. 1217 - 1229

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Antigen Testing

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. e350 - e384

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Immunoassays designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens (Ag) are commonly used diagnose COVID-19. The most widely tests lateral flow assays that generate results in approximately 15 minutes for diagnosis at the point-of-care. Higher throughput, laboratory-based Ag have also been developed. number of commercially available detection has increased rapidly, as COVID-19 diagnostic literature. Infectious Diseases Society America (IDSA) convened an expert panel perform a systematic review literature and develop best-practice guidance related testing. This guideline is update third series frequently updated guidelines developed by IDSA. IDSA's goal was evidence-based recommendations or suggestions assist clinicians, clinical laboratories, patients, public health authorities, administrators, policymakers decisions optimal use both medical nonmedical settings. A multidisciplinary infectious diseases microbiologists, experts identified prioritized questions tests. relevant, peer-reviewed published conducted through 1 April 2022. Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) methodology assess certainty evidence make testing recommendations. made 10 address symptomatic asymptomatic individuals single versus repeat strategies. US Food Drug Administration (FDA) with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) high specificity low moderate sensitivity compared nucleic acid amplification (NAAT). test dependent on presence absence symptoms and, timing after symptom onset. In cases, positive can be acted upon without confirmation. Results point-of-care comparable those testing, observed unobserved self-collection specimens yields similar results. Modeling suggests increases once, but no empirical data were inform this question. Based these observations, rapid RT-PCR NAAT remain methods choice diagnosing infection. However, when timely molecular not readily logistically infeasible, helps identify Data insufficient recommendation about utility guide release patients from isolation. overall quality supporting graded very moderate.

Language: Английский

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map

Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. e279 - e293

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were crucial in the response to COVID-19 pandemic, although uncertainties about their effectiveness remain. This work aimed better understand evidence generated during pandemic on of NPIs implemented UK. Methods We conducted a rapid mapping review (search date: 1 March 2023) identify primary studies reporting reduce transmission. Included displayed an interactive gap map. Results After removal duplicates, 11 752 records screened. Of these, 151 included, including 100 modelling but only 2 randomized controlled trials and 10 longitudinal observational studies. Most reported isolate those who are or may become infectious, number contacts. There was for hand respiratory hygiene, ventilation cleaning. Conclusions Our findings show that despite large published, there is still lack robust evaluations need build evaluation into design implementation public health policies from start any future other emergency.

Language: Английский

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Proactive vs. reactive COVID-19 screening in schools: lessons from experimental protocols in France during the Delta and Omicron waves

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic prompted diverse policies to manage safety in schools, balancing infection control with educational continuity. This study assessed the impact of an experimental weekly screening protocol compared nationally implemented reactive strategies 25 primary schools Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region France during Delta (November–December 2021) and Omicron (January–February 2022) waves. We used agent-based model for SARS-CoV-2 transmission parameterized empirical data characterizing school contact over time estimate contribution on overall cases evaluate effectiveness reducing within-school infections. parametrized reproduce variants dominant period, accounting introductions from community surveillance data. fitted observed prevalence 18 selected analysis. School was estimated account 67% (IQR 53-78) student Rhône 50-82) Savoie wave, 52% 47-57) wave. reduce by 40% – 53%) wave 37% 30-45) applied same period rest country. Adherence rates exceeding 80% were critical protocol’s success, contributing earlier sustained decline prevalence. Weekly proved a more structured effective approach controlling transmission, supporting its inclusion future preparedness plans ensure safer learning environments. underscores importance proactive interventions address asymptomatic spread emphasizing their role response strategies.

Language: Английский

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School life during COVID-19: a qualitative study exploring English secondary school staff and pupils’ experiences of the school-based mitigation measures

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Real-World Effectiveness of a Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccines among Japanese University Students

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1283 - 1283

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

With the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), missing learning opportunities due to COVID-19 has been raised as a major concern for university education. We aimed examine effectiveness booster dose vaccines among Japanese students during Omicron variant. enrolled 249 who became close contact and 294 COVID-19-infected though Hiroshima University registration system. Infection rates people in with sick individuals symptoms infected were examined. Close contacts had received showed significantly lower infection rate (31%) compared those two doses (50%, p = 0.02) unvaccinated (71%, 0.002). Age- sex-adjusted odds ratios receipt vs. 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23−0.70, 0.001) 0.44 CI, 0.25−0.77, 0.004), respectively. The incidence severe fever (38.5°C or higher) was less prevalent (16%) (40%, 0.002) (75%, < 0.0001). Booster reduced close-contact can help avoid opportunities.

Language: Английский

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Is a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines effective on newly dominant omicron subvariants among university students? Comparison between BA.1 and BA.2 dominancy

American Journal of Infection Control, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 907 - 911

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Decision to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a rapid scoping review

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. e084437 - e084437

Published: March 1, 2024

Objective Testing for COVID-19 was a key component of the UK’s response to pandemic. This strategy relied on positive individuals self-isolating reduce transmission, making isolation lynchpin in public health approach. Therefore, we scoped evidence systematically identify and categorise barriers facilitators compliance with self-isolation guidance during pandemic UK, inform strategies future pandemics. Design A rapid scoping review conducted. Search Key terms were used search literature databases (PubMed, Scopus WHO Research Database, 7 November 2022), Google Scholar stakeholder-identified manuscripts, ultimately including published English from UK-based studies conducted between 2020 2022. Data extraction synthesis extracted synthesised into themes, organised broadly capability, opportunity motivation, reviewed stakeholders UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Results We included 105 sources, 63 identified UKHSA their decision-making Influences decision comply categorised six themes: perceived ability isolate; information guidance; logistics; social influences, trust; value; consequences. Individuals continuously assessed these factors deciding whether or not self-isolate. Conclusions Decisions self-isolate after test influenced by multiple factors, individuals’ beliefs, concerns, priorities personal circumstances. Future testing must facilitate meaningful financial, practical mental support allow overcome actual negative consequences isolating. Clear, consistent communication purpose procedures isolating will also be critical guidance, should leverage people’s value protecting others. Building trust is essential, but requires investment before next starts.

Language: Английский

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Influence parental- and child-related factors on the acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 test methods in schools and daycare facilities

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 18, 2024

Introduction Rapid testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was an essential step in reducing the spread of virus and monitoring pandemic development. Most mandatory standard Germany has been performed schools daycare facilities. We investigated influence behavioral attitudinal characteristics children caregivers on their acceptance (i) antigen-based nasal swab rapid (ii) oral saliva-based pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. Methods Conducted through a cross-sectional survey between November December 2021, with 1962 581 children/adolescents participating, study evaluated acceptability each method six-point scale. Participants scored one test conducted child at six levels 1 6 denoting “excellent” (1) “inadequate” (6), respectively. considered demographic variables, vaccination status, mental health (measured by SDQ-questionnaire), facility type (kindergarten, primary school, secondary school) as covariates. Results reveal preference PCR tests over swabs about grade, particularly among parents unvaccinated children, especially if expressed future reluctance. Testing lower issues, school-aged, those less-educated parents. Perception accuracy convenience influenced attitudes, favoring Moreover, issues felt less secure during testing. Discussion To our knowledge, this is first to investigate different methods SARS-CoV-2 caregivers. Our identifies predictors public surveillance measures enables development educational programs tailored needs specific target groups. we demonstrate that vulnerable groups can be enhanced careful choice appropriate method.

Language: Английский

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