Rodent Models for Alzheimer Disease: Experimental Induction, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Biomarker Profiling DOI

Riddhi Rane,

Bhagya V Rao,

Joshnavi Tadimari

et al.

Published: May 1, 2025

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is driven by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Rodent models are critical for studying its multifactorial etiology, combining genetic, environmental, epigenetic factors. This review evaluates rodent AD models, including chemical induction (e.g., aluminum, scopolamine) transgenic systems 5xFAD, APP/PS1). Chemical mimic sporadic triggers, while transgenics replicate genetic mutations. Combinatorial approaches toxin- exposed transgenics) address limitations. Biomarkers such as Aβ/tau ratios, neuroinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), stress markers (MDA, SOD) validate pathology, measured via ELISA, PET imaging, omics technologies.

Language: Английский

From Traditional Efficacy to Drug Design: A Review of Astragali Radix DOI Creative Commons
Xiaojie Jin, Huijuan Zhang,

Xiaorong Xie

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 413 - 413

Published: March 14, 2025

Astragali Radix (AR), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is derived from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. mongholicus, AMM) or Bge membranaceus, AM). According to medicine (TCM) theory, AR believed tonify qi, elevate yang, consolidate body’s surface reduce sweating, promote diuresis and swelling, generate body fluids, nourish blood. It has been widely used treat general weakness chronic illnesses improve overall vitality. Extensive research identified various medicinal properties AR, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, cardiovascular-protective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective effects. With advancements in technology, methods such as computer-aided drug design (CADD) artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly being applied development TCM. This review summarizes progress on over past decades, providing comprehensive overview its efficacy, botanical characteristics, distribution, chemical constituents, phytochemistry. aims enhance researchers’ understanding pharmaceutical potential, thereby facilitating further utilization.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Rodent Models for Alzheimer Disease: Experimental Induction, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Biomarker Profiling DOI

Riddhi Rane,

Bhagya V Rao,

Joshnavi Tadimari

et al.

Published: May 1, 2025

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is driven by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Rodent models are critical for studying its multifactorial etiology, combining genetic, environmental, epigenetic factors. This review evaluates rodent AD models, including chemical induction (e.g., aluminum, scopolamine) transgenic systems 5xFAD, APP/PS1). Chemical mimic sporadic triggers, while transgenics replicate genetic mutations. Combinatorial approaches toxin- exposed transgenics) address limitations. Biomarkers such as Aβ/tau ratios, neuroinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), stress markers (MDA, SOD) validate pathology, measured via ELISA, PET imaging, omics technologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0