Physiology of Astroglia

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 98(1), P. 239 - 389

Published: Dec. 24, 2017

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense the central nervous system (CNS). highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude receptors, channels, membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity defines functional maintenance CNS development aging. tightly integrated into networks act within context tissue; astrocytes control at all levels organization from molecular to whole organ.

Language: Английский

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Ultrastructural evidence for synaptic scaling across the wake/sleep cycle

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 355(6324), P. 507 - 510

Published: Feb. 2, 2017

Synapse remodeling during sleep General activity and information processing while an animal is awake drive synapse strengthening. This counterbalanced by weakening of synapses (see the Perspective Acsády). De Vivo et al. used serial scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct axon-spine interface spine head volume in mouse brain. They observed a substantial decrease size after sleep. The largest relative changes occurred among weak synapses, whereas strong ones remained stable. Diering found that undergo synaptic glutamate receptors sleep-wake cycle, driven immediate early gene Homer1a. In animals, Homer1a accumulates neurons but excluded from high levels noradrenaline. At onset sleep, noradrenaline decline, allowing move excitatory weakening. Science , this issue p. 457 507 ; see also 511

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes regulate cortical state switching in vivo

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(19)

Published: April 27, 2016

The role of astrocytes in neuronal function has received increasing recognition, but disagreement remains about their at the circuit level. Here we use vivo two-photon calcium imaging neocortical while monitoring activity state local electrophysiologically and optically. We find that astrocytic precedes spontaneous shifts to slow-oscillation-dominated state, a rhythm characterized by synchronized firing important for sleep memory. Further, show optogenetic activation switches this slow-oscillation state. Finally, using extracellular glutamate, transients glutamate co-occur with optogenetically activated can generate these transients. conclude indeed trigger low-frequency cortical altering therefore play causal control synchronizations.

Language: Английский

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Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(21), P. 5263 - 5273

Published: May 24, 2017

We previously found that Mertk and its ligand Gas6 , astrocytic genes involved in phagocytosis, are upregulated after acute sleep deprivation. These results suggested astrocytes may engage phagocytic activity during extended wake, but direct evidence was lacking. Studies humans rodents also loss increases peripheral markers of inflammation, whether these changes associated with neuroinflammation and/or activation microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, unknown. Here we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to obtain 3D volume measurements synapses surrounding processes mouse frontal cortex 6–8 h sleep, spontaneous or deprivation (SD) chronic (∼5 d) restriction (CSR). Astrocytic mainly presynaptic components large synapses, increased both relative wake. MERTK expression lipid peroxidation synaptoneurosomes a similar extent short long loss, suggesting phagocytosis represent response increase synaptic prolonged clearing worn heavily synapses. Using confocal microscopy, then CSR not SD mice show morphological signs microglial enhanced elements, without obvious CSF. Because low-level sustained microglia can lead abnormal responses secondary insult, suggest through priming, predispose brain further damage. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT find mostly origin is already few hours shows significant severe it promote housekeeping strong neuronal By contrast, activates promotes their activity, does so absence overt neuroinflammation, like many other stressors, disruption state activation, perhaps increasing susceptibility forms

Language: Английский

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The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(37), P. 7698 - 7711

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is analog in CNS. As such, plays a key role regulating directional interstitial movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. enables bulk CSF from subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with within parenchyma before ultimately exiting via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about structure this system, why needs transport unexplored aspects transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes blood vessels determine shape perivascular space, controlling fluid. Glymphatic has potential to alter local as well global signaling molecules metabolites. also highlight for cross talk among cardiovascular gastrointestinal tract, system. Much remains be studied, but we propose glymphatic/lymphatic acts cornerstone between body.

Language: Английский

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Astrocytic control of synaptic function

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 372(1715), P. 20160154 - 20160154

Published: Jan. 17, 2017

Astrocytes intimately interact with synapses, both morphologically and, as evidenced in the past 20 years, at functional level. Ultrathin astrocytic processes contact and sometimes enwrap synaptic elements, sense transmission shape or alter signal by releasing signalling molecules. Yet, consequences of such interactions terms information processing brain remain very elusive. This is largely due to two major constraints: (i) exquisitely complex, dynamic ultrathin nature distal that renders their investigation highly challenging (ii) our lack understanding how encoded local global fluctuations intracellular calcium concentrations astrocytes. Here, we will review existing anatomical evidence between astrocytes it underlies a role for computation information.This article part themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian homeostatic plasticity'.

Language: Английский

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Sleep deprivation and its association with diseases- a review

Sleep Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 192 - 204

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cold-inducible proteins CIRP and RBM3, a unique couple with activities far beyond the cold

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 73(20), P. 3839 - 3859

Published: May 4, 2016

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) and motif 3 (RBM3) are two evolutionarily conserved proteins that transcriptionally upregulated in response to low temperature. Featuring an RNA-recognition (RRM) arginine–glycine-rich (RGG) domain, these display many similarities specific disparities the regulation of numerous molecular cellular events. The resistance serum withdrawal, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or other harsh conditions conferred by RBM3 has led its reputation as a survival gene. Once CIRP is released from cells, it appears bolster inflammation, contributing poor prognosis septic patients. A variety human tumor specimens have been analyzed for expression. Surprisingly, expression was primarily found be positively associated with chemotherapy-treated patients, while inversely linked patient survival. In this comprehensive review, we summarize evolutionary conservation across species well their interactions, functions, roles diverse physiological pathological processes, including circadian rhythm, neural plasticity, stem cell properties, cancer development.

Language: Английский

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The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 104987 - 104987

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid interstitial around brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development predictions transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery, stroke, cardiac arrest, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. sort existing into broad categories by anatomical function: Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular spaces, efflux routes, links neuronal activity. Needs opportunities for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded novel experiments inform could all have tremendous value advancing field.

Language: Английский

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Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 17, 2021

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, characterized by slow-wave electrophysiological activity, underlies several critical functions, including learning and memory. However, NREM sleep is heterogeneous, varying in duration, depth, spatially across the cortex. While these features are thought to be largely independently regulated, there also evidence that they mechanistically coupled. To investigate how cortical controlled, we examined astrocytic network, comprising a cortex-wide syncytium influences population-level neuronal activity. We quantified endogenous astrocyte activity mice over natural wake, then manipulated specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways vivo. find Gi- Gq-coupled GPCR separately control depth respectively, causes differential changes local remote These data support model which network serves as hub for regulating distinct features.

Language: Английский

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