The coral microbiome: towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of coral–microbiota interactions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding the nature functional significance complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview complexity coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity functions well-studied cryptic microbes. Mining literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour third all marine bacterial phyla, known symbionts antagonists represent minute fraction this these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled bacteria gain niche holobiont. Recent advances research aimed at leveraging manipulation increase coral's fitness help mitigate heat stress-related mortality discussed. Then, insights potential through microbiota can communicate modify host responses examined by describing recognition patterns, microbially derived epigenome effector proteins gene regulation. Finally, power omics tools used study highlighted emphasis integrated host-microbiota multiomics framework understand underlying during change-driven dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

---

Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15023 - e15023

Published: May 2, 2023

Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels organization. In dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians ( e.g ., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates e.g. , sponges, molluscs, flatworms), protists foraminifera), molecular data have been used extensively over past three decades describe phenotypes make ecological inferences. Despite advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, a lack consensus among researchers respect interpreting has slowed progress field acted as barrier reconciling observations. Here, we identify challenges regarding assessment interpretation across levels: species, populations, communities. We summarize areas agreement highlight techniques approaches that are broadly accepted. where debate remains, unresolved issues discuss technologies help fill knowledge gaps related phenotypic diversity. also ways stimulate progress, particular by fostering inclusive collaborative research community. hope this perspective will inspire accelerate coral reef science serving resource those designing experiments, publishing research, applying for funding their symbiotic partnerships.

Language: Английский

---

Photosymbiosis shaped animal genome architecture and gene evolution as revealed in giant clams

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Symbioses are major drivers of organismal diversification and phenotypic innovation. However, how long-term symbioses shape whole genome evolution in metazoans is still underexplored. Here, we use a giant clam ( Tridacna maxima ) to demonstrate symbiosis has left complex signatures an animal’s genome. Giant clams thrive oligotrophic waters by forming remarkable association with photosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae. Genome-based demographic inferences uncover tight correlation between T. global population change paleoclimate habitat shifts, revealing abiotic biotic factors may dictate microevolution. Comparative analyses reveal genomic features that be symbiosis-driven, including expansion contraction immunity-related gene families large proportion lineage-specific genes. Strikingly, about 70% the composed repetitive elements, especially transposable most likely resulting from symbiosis-adapted immune system. This work greatly enhances our understanding underlie metazoan diversification.

Language: Английский

---

Exchange or Eliminate: The Secrets of Algal-Bacterial Relationships

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 829 - 829

Published: March 13, 2024

Algae and bacteria have co-occurred coevolved in common habitats for hundreds of millions years, fostering specific associations interactions such as mutualism or antagonism. These are shaped through exchanges primary secondary metabolites provided by one the partners. Metabolites, N-sources vitamins, can be beneficial to partner they may assimilated chemotaxis towards producing these metabolites. Other metabolites, especially many natural products synthesized bacteria, act toxins damage kill partner. For instance, green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii establishes a mutualistic partnership with Methylobacterium, stark contrast its antagonistic relationship toxin Pseudomonas protegens. In other cases, coccolithophore haptophyte alga Phaeobacter bacterium, same bacterium even subject both processes, depending on secreted bacterial algal Some also influence morphology micronutrients, is observed some macroalgae. This review focuses algal-bacterial micro- macroalgal models from marine, freshwater, terrestrial environments summarizes advances field. It highlights effects temperature it presently known.

Language: Английский

---

Omics study of harmful algal blooms in China: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 102079 - 102079

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing the Power of Model Organisms To Unravel Microbial Functions in the Coral Holobiont

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86(4)

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Stony corals build the framework of coral reefs, ecosystems immense ecological and economic importance. The existence these is threatened by climate change other anthropogenic stressors that manifest in microbial dysbiosis such as bleaching disease, often leading to mortality. Despite a significant amount research, mechanisms ultimately underlying destructive phenomena, what could prevent or mitigate them, remain be resolved. This mostly due practical challenges experimentation on highly complex nature holobiont also includes bacteria, archaea, protists, viruses. While overall importance partners well recognized, their specific contributions functioning interspecific dynamics largely unexplored. Here, we review potential adopting model organisms more tractable systems address knowledge gaps. We draw parallels from broader biological biomedical fields guide establishment, implementation, integration new emerging with aim addressing needs research. evaluate cnidarian models Hydra, Aiptasia, Cassiopea, Astrangia poculata; fast-evolving field tissue cell cultures; propose for establishment "true" tropical reef-building models. Based this assessment, suggest future research key aspects limiting our ability understand hence improve response ocean conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Proteome metabolome and transcriptome data for three Symbiodiniaceae under ambient and heat stress conditions

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 5, 2022

The Symbiodiniaceae are a taxonomically and functionally diverse family of marine dinoflagellates. Their symbiotic relationship with invertebrates such as scleractinian corals has made them the focus decades research to resolve underlying biology regulating their sensitivity stressors, particularly thermal stress. Research to-date suggests that stress is governed by complex interplay between phylogenetic dependent independent traits (diversity characteristics species). Consequently, there need for datasets simultaneously broadly molecular physiological processes under stressed non-stressed conditions. Therefore, we provide dataset generating transcriptome, metabolome, proteome data three ecologically important isolates nutrient replete growth conditions two temperature treatments (ca. 26 °C 32 °C). Elevated sea surface primarily responsible coral bleaching events occur when coral-Symbiodiniaceae been disrupted. can strongly influence host's response consequently it necessary drivers heat tolerance. We anticipate these expand our understanding on key genotypic functional properties sensitivities

Language: Английский

---

Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a “red tide” dinoflagellate

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Background “Red tides” are harmful algal blooms caused by dinoflagellate microalgae that accumulate toxins lethal to other organisms, including humans via consumption of contaminated seafood. These driven a combination environmental factors nutrient enrichment, particularly in warm waters, and increasingly frequent. The molecular, regulatory, evolutionary mechanisms underlie the heat stress response these bloom-forming species remain little understood, due part limited genomic resources from dinoflagellates, complicated large sizes genomes, exhibiting features atypical eukaryotes. Results We present de novo assembled genome (~ 4.75 Gbp with 85,849 protein-coding genes), transcriptome, proteome, metabolome Prorocentrum cordatum , globally abundant, dinoflagellate. Using axenic cultures, we study molecular underpin stress, which is relevant current ocean warming trends. first evidence complementary interplay between RNA editing exon usage regulates expression functional diversity biomolecules, reflected reduction photosynthesis, central metabolism, protein synthesis. results reveal signatures post-transcriptional regulation for time pelagic Conclusions Our multi-omics analyses uncover an important species, complex gene structures large, high-G+C genome, combined multi-level transcriptional regulation. dynamics regulatory may explain how dinoflagellates diversified become some most ecologically successful organisms on Earth.

Language: Английский

---

The Evolution, Assembly, and Dynamics of Marine Holobionts

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 443 - 466

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

The holobiont concept (i.e., multiple living beings in close symbiosis with one another and functioning as a unit) is revolutionizing our understanding of biology, especially marine systems. earliest was likely syntrophic partnership at least two prokaryotic members. Since then, has enabled organisms to conquer all ocean habitats through the formation holobionts wide spectrum complexities. However, most scientific inquiries have focused on isolated their adaptations specific environments. In this review, we attempt illustrate why perspective-specifically, study how numerous form discrete ecological unit symbiosis-will be more impactful strategy advance ecology evolution life. We argue that approach instrumental addressing threats biodiversity posed by current global environmental crisis.

Language: Английский

---

Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(29)

Published: July 19, 2024

The algal endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii enhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress. D. can live freely or in endosymbiosis, and analysis genetic markers suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). However, evolutionary mechanisms underpin thermotolerance are largely unknown. Here, we present genome assemblies for two isolates, confirm WGD these taxa, examine how selection shaped duplicated regions using gene expression data. We assess free-living versus endosymbiotic lifestyles have contributed to retention divergence genes, processes enhanced . Our combined results suggest lifestyle is driver post-WGD evolution , with phase being most important, followed by endosymbiosis. Adaptations both likely enabled provide stress protection host coral.

Language: Английский

---