Modeling psychopathology: From data models to formal theories.

Psychological Methods, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of empirical research investigating mental disorders as complex systems. In this article, we investigate how to best make use growing body and move field toward its fundamental aims explaining, predicting, controlling psychopathology. We first review contemporary philosophy science literature on scientific theories argue that fully achieving explanation, prediction, control requires construct formal disorders: expressed in language mathematics or computational programming language. then three routes by which one can findings (i.e., data models) theories: (a) using models themselves theories, (b) infer (c) comparing theory-implied order evaluate refine an existing theory. third approach is most promising path forward. conclude introducing abductive theory construction (AFTC) framework, informed both our methodological investigation. provides clear way forward for inform generation, development, testing domain psychopathology broader psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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A new science of mental disorders: Using personalised, transdiagnostic, dynamical systems to understand, model, diagnose and treat psychopathology

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104096 - 104096

Published: April 14, 2022

The core ideas of a 10-year research program 'New Science Mental Disorders' are outlined. This moves away from the disorder-based 'one-model-fits-all' approach to treating mental disorders, and adopts network psychopathology as its foundation research. Its assumption is that dynamically interacting symptoms constitute disorder. Our goal further develop by studying (1) dynamic networks other variables (i.e., elements) in large number individuals with wide range disorders transdiagnostic perspective (network-based diagnosis; mapping), including both Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) digital phenotyping, (2) mechanisms reflecting potential causal relations among elements performing experimental (pre-)clinical studies (zooming), (3) effectiveness personalised network-informed interventions (targeting). Challenges overcome this discussed, which relate data collection (e.g., selection EMA variables) analyses power considerations), development application diagnoses what characteristic(s) target interventions), implementation clinical practice train therapists use therapy).

Language: Английский

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Complexity theory of psychopathology.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 132(3), P. 314 - 323

Published: April 1, 2023

There is a renewed interest for complex adaptive system approaches that can account the inherently and dynamic nature of psychopathology.Yet theory psychopathology grounded in principles systems lacking.Here, we present such based on notion patterns: patterns are formed over time.We propose be understood as pattern emerges from self-organized interactions between interdependent biopsychosocial processes comprising person their environment.Psychopathology emergent sense it refers to person-environment whole cannot reduced specific parts.Psychopathology also self-organized, meaning arises solely interdependencies system: countless variables.All possible manifestations will correspond wide variety patterns.Yet development these time described by general formation systems.A discussion implications classification, intervention, public health concludes article.

Language: Английский

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Systems all the way down: embracing complexity in mental health research

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract In this editorial for the collection on complexity in mental health research, we introduce and summarize inaugural contributions to collection: a series of theoretical, methodological, empirical papers that aim chart path forward investigating all its complexity. A central theme emerges from these contributions: if are make genuine progress explaining, predicting, treating illness, must study systems which psychopathology emerges. As articles clear, give rise encompass host components across biological, psychological, social levels analysis, intertwined web complex interactions. The task advancing our understanding will be challenging one. Yet, challenge presents unique opportunity. From physics ecology, there is rapidly evolving body interdisciplinary research dedicated systems. This work provides clear guidance psychiatric opportunities collaboration, set tools concepts can draw efforts understand health, helping us move toward ultimate improving prevention treatment psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Modeling Psychopathology: From Data Models to Formal Theories

Published: Dec. 10, 2019

Over the past decade there has been a surge of empirical research investigating mental disorders as complex systems. In this paper, we investigate how to best make use growing body and move field toward its fundamental aims explaining, predicting, controlling psychopathology. We first review contemporary philosophy science literature on scientific theories argue that fully achieving explanation, prediction, control requires construct formal disorders: expressed in language mathematics or computational programming language. then three routes by which one can findings (i.e., data models) theories: (a) using models themselves theories, (b) infer (c) comparing theory-implied order evaluate refine an existing theory. third approach is most promising path forward. conclude introducing Abductive Formal Theory Construction (AFTC) framework, informed both our methodological investigation. provides clear way forward for inform generation, development, testing domain psychopathology broader psychological science.

Language: Английский

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Anticipating manic and depressive transitions in patients with bipolar disorder using early warning signals

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 9, 2022

In bipolar disorder treatment, accurate episode prediction is paramount but remains difficult. A novel idiographic approach to monitor generic early warning signals (EWS), which may manifest in symptom dynamics. EWS could thus form personalized alerts clinical care. The present study investigated whether can anticipate manic and depressive transitions individual patients with disorder.Twenty type I/II (with ≥ 2 episodes the previous year) participated ecological momentary assessment (EMA), completing five questionnaires a day for four months (Mean = 491 observations per person). Transitions were determined by weekly completed on (Quick Inventory Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) (Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale) symptoms. (rises autocorrelation at lag-1 standard deviation) calculated moving windows over 17 affective symptomatic EMA states. Positive negative predictive values determine utility.Eleven reported 1-2 transitions. presence of increased probability impending from 32-36% 46-48% (autocorrelation) 29-41% (standard deviation). However, absence not be taken as sign that no transition would occur near future. states indicated nearby most accurately (predictive values: 65-100%) full ideas, worry, agitation. Large differences utility found.EWS show theoretical promise anticipating disorder, level false positives negatives, well heterogeneity within between individuals preprocessing methods currently limit utility.

Language: Английский

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Pattern breaking: a complex systems approach to psychedelic medicine

Neuroscience of Consciousness, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of psychedelic therapy for mental health care. However, psychological experience underlying its therapeutic effects remains poorly understood. This paper proposes a framework that suggests psychedelics act as destabilizers, both psychologically and neurophysiologically. Drawing on 'entropic brain' hypothesis 'RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics' model, this focuses richness experience. Through complex systems theory perspective, we suggest destabilize fixed points or attractors, breaking reinforced patterns thinking behaving. Our approach explains how psychedelic-induced increases in brain entropy neurophysiological set lead to new conceptualizations psychotherapy. These insights have important implications risk mitigation treatment optimization medicine, during peak subacute period recovery.

Language: Английский

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A cultural-ecosocial systems view for psychiatry

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 13, 2023

While contemporary psychiatry seeks the mechanisms of mental disorders in neurobiology, health problems clearly depend on developmental processes learning and adaptation through ongoing interactions with social environment. Symptoms or emerge specific contexts involve predicaments that cannot be fully characterized terms brain function but require a larger social-ecological view. Causal result can begin anywhere within extended system body-person-environment. In particular, individuals' narrative self-construal, culturally mediated interpretations symptoms coping strategies as well responses others world contribute to disorders, illness experience, recovery. this paper, we outline conceptual basis practical implications hierarchical ecosocial systems view for an integrative approach psychiatric theory practice. The cultural-ecosocial propose understands mind, person situated constituted by cultural self-reflexive processes. This incorporated into pragmatic clinical assessment case formulation characterizes pathology identifies targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Trajectories of parent criticism across treatment for youth self‐harm

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Background Criticism from parents is a risk factor for poor youth mental health, including self‐harm and limited response to psychosocial interventions. We identified trajectories of change in parent criticism across treatment (suicide attempts non‐suicidal self‐injury) compared these on outcomes. Methods This preregistered secondary analysis data the Self‐harm Intervention: Family Therapy trial. Participants ( N = 831, 11–17 years; 89% girls, 11% boys; 84% White) were clinically referred randomly assigned family therapy or usual care. A growth mixture model self‐reported baseline, 3, 6 months. Trajectories self‐harm, suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, distress (baseline, baseline 12 12–18 months). Results Four identified: High remaining elevated despite small decrease (51.6%); sharply decreasing (7.6%); low/stable (37.2%); increasing (3.6%). Youth with high class had more severe behavior. Treatment type was not related trajectory. Parent increased class. showed less improvement ideation at 12‐month follow‐up classes. Conclusions Current treatments may reduce subclinical levels. Increasing forecast poorer range be indicative increases distress.

Language: Английский

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Early warning signals and critical transitions in psychopathology: challenges and recommendations

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 51 - 58

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

Empirical evidence is mounting that monitoring momentary experiences for the presence of early warning signals (EWS) may allow personalized predictions meaningful symptom shifts in psychopathology. Studies aiming to detect EWS require intensive longitudinal measurement designs center on individuals undergoing change. We recommend researchers (1) define criteria relevant a priori specific hypothesis testing, (2) balance observation period length and high-frequency measurements with participant burden by testing ambitious pilot studies, (3) choose variables are their patient group facilitate replication others. Thoroughly considered necessary assess promise as clinical tool detect, prevent, or encourage impending changes

Language: Английский

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