Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 787 - 798

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Functional gastrointestinal disorders—recently renamed into disorders of gut–brain interaction—such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered motility or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding pathophysiology has evolved significantly over last two decades. Initial observations subtle mucosal infiltration immune cells, especially mast cells eosinophils, since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release nociceptive mediators intestinal epithelium. These can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity symptoms. The interaction between activation an impaired barrier function gut is most likely a bidirectional one alterations microbiota, psychological stress food components upstream players pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments currently available, but improved through multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets ultimately better outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Biotherapy Using Probiotics as Therapeutic Agents to Restore the Gut Microbiota to Relieve Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation, IBD, IBS and Prevent Induction of Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5748 - 5748

Published: March 17, 2023

The gut microbiota is composed of several microbial strains with diverse and variable compositions in both healthy sick people. An undisturbed needs to be sustained order perform all physiological, metabolic, immune functions a normal way prevent the development diseases. This article has reviewed published information on issue disruption balance microbiota. could for many reasons, such as infection gastrointestinal tract, food poisoning, diarrhoea, chemotherapy, malnutrition, lifestyle, ageing. If this not restored normal, it might cause dysbiosis. Eventually, interrupted by dysbiosis initiate health issues, inflammation induction cancer, progression variety diseases irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory disease. review concluded that biotherapy natural using probiotic products, whether form food, beverages, or supplements, restore disrupted Metabolites secreted ingested probiotics help relieve tract can avoid cancer.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and intestinal immunity—A crosstalk in irritable bowel syndrome

Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172(1), P. 1 - 20

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and abnormal defecation habits, resulting in a severe healthcare burden worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms IBS are multi-factorially involved, including food antigens, visceral hypersensitivity reactions, brain–gut axis. Numerous studies have found that gut microbiota intestinal mucosal immunity play an important role development crosstalk with multiple mechanisms. Therefore, based on existing evidence, this paper elaborates damage activation disturbance closely related to progression IBS. Combined application prospect, it also provides references for further in-depth exploration clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Postprandial symptoms in disorders of gut-brain interaction and their potential as a treatment target

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(7), P. 1199 - 1211

Published: May 2, 2024

Postprandial, or meal-related, symptoms, such as abdominal pain, early satiation, fullness bloating, are often reported by patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction, including functional dyspepsia (FD) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We propose that postprandial symptoms arise via a distinct pathophysiological process. A physiological psychological insult, for example, acute enteric infection, leads to loss tolerance previously tolerated oral food antigen. This enables interaction both the microbiota and antigen itself immune system, causing localised immunological response, activation eosinophils mast cells, release inflammatory mediators, histamine cytokines. These have more widespread systemic effects, triggering nociceptive nerves altering mood. Dietary interventions, diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides polyols, elimination potential antigens gluten, IgG sensitivity diets salicylate restriction may benefit some IBS FD. could be because these foods dietary components modulates this Similarly, drugs proton pump inhibitors, histamine-receptor antagonists, cell stabilisers even tricyclic tetracyclic antidepressants, which anti-histaminergic actions, all treatments FD IBS, act on one mechanisms. It seems unlikely driving intestinal entire explanation IBS. In others, fermentation carbohydrates, gas reflex responses, adverse reactions chemicals, central mechanisms nocebo effects dominate. However, if concept from an response gastrointestinal tract subset is correct, it paradigm-shifting, choice treatment were based therapeutic targets, patient outcomes improved.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Bacteria-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide in Multiple Axes of Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3340 - 3340

Published: April 3, 2025

In this review article, we discuss and explore the role of bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a signaling molecule produced endogenously that plays an important in health disease. It also by gut microbiome. setting microbial disturbances leading to disruption intestinal homeostasis (dysbiosis), concentration available can vary pathologic sequelae. The brain-gut axis original studied paradigm microbiome host interaction. recent years, our understanding interaction has expanded greatly include specific pathways have branched into their own axes. These axes share principal concept microbiota changes, permeability, inflammatory response, some which are modulated (H2S). review, will multiple including gut-immune, gut-heart, gut-endocrine We evaluate H2S modulation barrier, mucosal healing inflammation tumor genesis. alpha-synuclein aggregation ischemic injury. Finally, metabolic syndrome as int pertains hypertension, atherosclerosis glucose-like peptide-1 activity. Majority studies focus on endogenous production; examine lesser-known source progression diseases it relates these

Language: Английский

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The role of the gut microbiome in disorders of gut–brain interaction

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 23, 2024

Disorders of Gut‐Brain Interaction (DGBI) are widely prevalent and commonly encountered in gastroenterology practice. While several peripheral central mechanisms have been implicated the pathogenesis DGBI, a recent body work suggests an important role for gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight how microbiota their metabolites affect physiologic changes underlying symptoms with particular focus on mechanistic influence GI transit, visceral sensitivity, intestinal barrier function secretion, CNS processing. This review emphasizes complexity local distant effects microbial physiological function, influenced by factors such as metabolite concentration, duration exposure, receptor location, host genetics, disease state. Large‐scale vitro has elucidated interactions between receptors metabolome but there is need future research to integrate preclinical findings clinical studies. The development novel, targeted therapeutic strategies DGBI hinges deeper understanding these metabolite‐host interactions, offering exciting possibilities treatment DGBI.

Language: Английский

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Oral nanomedicine biointeractions in the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 115117 - 115117

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Latest Data Concerning the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 5124 - 5124

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Globally, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is present in approximately 10% of the population. While this condition does not pose a risk complications, it has substantial impact on patient’s quality life. Moreover, disease significant financial healthcare systems. This includes direct costs associated with diagnosis and treatment these patients, as well indirect that arise from work absenteeism reduced productivity. In light data, recent research focused elucidating pathophysiological basis order to improve life for affected individuals. Despite extensive date, we still do fully understand precise mechanisms underlying IBS. Numerous studies have demonstrated involvement gut–brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal dysmotility, gut microbiota dysbiosis, food allergies intolerances, low-grade mucosal inflammation, genetic factors, psychosocial factors. The acquisition new data crucial advancement optimal therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing general health patients while simultaneously reducing burden ailment.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and dose response of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(28), P. 4451 - 4465

Published: July 26, 2023

Probiotics have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D); however, the certainty evidence is low. Well-powered randomized controlled dose-ranging trials are warranted on promising single-strain candidates.To investigate clinical efficacy Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Lpla33 (DSM34428) adults with IBS-D.This a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center, and study. Three hundred seven adults, 18-70 years age, IBS-D, according to Rome IV criteria, were allocated (1:1:1) receive placebo or L. at 1 × 109 (1B) 1010 (10B) colony-forming units/d over an 8-wk intervention period. The primary outcome was change IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) total score after 8 wk, while secondary exploratory outcomes included abdominal pain severity, related quality life, stool microbial profile, perceived stress.IBS-SSS significantly reduced, participants receiving 1B (-128.45 ± 83.30; P < 0.001) 10B (-156.77 99.06; 0.001), compared (-58.82 74.75). Further, effect observed, greater absolute reduction group (P 0.05). A sub-scores pain, distension, habits, life observed both groups 0.001). 62.5% 88.4% administered 10B, respectively, classified as consistency responders based diarrheal form, 26.3% In contrast, no significant shifts diversity.L. well tolerated improves symptom corresponding normalization habits IBS-D.

Language: Английский

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The Role and the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 171 - 171

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including visceral hypersensitivity and immune activation. NLRP3 inflammasome part nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, crucial component innate system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting reduces sensitivity IBS symptoms, like abdominal pain, diarrhea, suggesting targeting might represent novel therapeutic approach for IBS. This review aims to assess inhibitors (tranilast, β-hydroxybutyrate, Chang-Kang-fang, paeoniflorin, coptisine, BAY 11-7082, Bifidobacterium longum), highlighting signaling pathways, their potential role in symptoms management was assessed. Although premature, knowledge action synthetic small molecules, phytochemicals, organic compounds, probiotics make new target quiver physicians’ choices management.

Language: Английский

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