Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributors to the Cardiac Benefits of Exercise DOI Creative Commons
Margaret H. Hastings, Claire Castro, Rebecca Freeman

et al.

JACC Basic to Translational Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 535 - 552

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Among its many cardiovascular benefits, exercise training improves heart function and protects the against age-related decline, pathological stress, injury. Here, we focus on cardiac benefits with an emphasis more recent updates to our understanding. While cardiomyocyte continues play a central role as both target effector of exercise's there is growing recognition important roles other, noncardiomyocyte lineages pathways, including some that lie outside itself. We review what known about mediators benefits-both those intrinsic (at level cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, or vascular cells) are systemic (including metabolism, inflammation, microbiome, aging)-highlighting molecular mechanisms responsible.

Language: Английский

White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans DOI
Carolina E. Hagberg, Kirsty L. Spalding

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 270 - 289

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Visceral adipose tissue and residual cardiovascular risk: a pathological link and new therapeutic options DOI Creative Commons
Arturo Cesaro,

Gianantonio De Michele,

Fabio Fimiani

et al.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 27, 2023

Obesity is a heterogeneous disease that affects almost one-third of the global population. A clear association has been established between obesity and cardiovascular (CVD). However, CVD risk known to be related more local distribution fat than total body fat. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular high impact on risk. This manuscript reviews role VAT residual CV available therapeutic strategies for decreasing accumulation. Among many pathways involved risk, particularly accumulation play major by generating low-grade systemic inflammation, which turn prognostic all-cause mortality myocardial infarction. In recent years, approaches have developed reduce weight. Orlistat was shown both weight but low tolerability drug-drug interactions. Naltrexone-bupropion combination lowers frequent side effects contraindicated patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Liraglutide semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, are latest drugs approved treatment obesity, induce significant loss. Liraglutide, semaglutide other GLP-1 agonists also showed positive effect outcomes diabetic patients. addition, liraglutide specifically inflammatory biomarkers obese without diabetes. promising compounds limit inflammation human visceral adipocytes.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain DOI
Marie Binvignat, Jérémie Sellam, Françis Berenbaum

et al.

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 565 - 584

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Inflammation and resolution in obesity DOI
Matúš Soták, Madison Clark, Bianca E Suur

et al.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Inflammation‐mediated metabolic regulation in adipose tissue DOI
Shujie Xu, Feng Lu, Jianhua Gao

et al.

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Summary Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is a prominent characteristic many metabolic diseases. Lipid metabolism in consistently dysregulated during inflammation, which characterized by substantial infiltration proinflammatory cells and high cytokine concentrations. Adipose caused variety endogenous factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular senescence, ceramides biosynthesis mediators lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signaling. Additionally, the gut microbiota also plays crucial role regulating inflammation. Essentially, arises from an imbalance adipocyte regulation immune cells. Specific inflammatory signals, including nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, inflammasome signaling inflammation‐mediated autophagy, have been shown to be involved regulation. The pathogenesis diseases chronic (obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) recent research regarding potential therapeutic targets for these conditions are discussed this review.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Cytokines as Key Players in Obesity Low Grade Inflammation and Related Complications DOI
Daniel Ejim Uti, Item Justin Atangwho,

Wilson Achu Omang

et al.

Obesity Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100585 - 100585

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity DOI Open Access
Dariusz Szukiewicz

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9818 - 9818

Published: June 6, 2023

The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to control glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially adipose tissue (AT). prevalence obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, resistance (IR), diabetes. Impaired sensitivity or IR paradoxically leads diseases an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, excess visceral AT obesity initiates chronic low-grade conditions that interfere signaling via receptors (INSRs). Moreover, response IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates primarily defensive associated subsequent release numerous cytokines real threat organ function deterioration. In this review, all components vicious cycle are characterized particular emphasis interplay between both innate adaptive immune responses related obesity. Increased accumulation should be considered main environmental factor responsible for disruption epigenetic regulatory mechanisms system, resulting autoimmunity inflammation.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling DOI Creative Commons
Paulina Małkowska

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 5467 - 5487

Published: May 30, 2024

Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical levels sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing resistance. inactivity closely linked islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative inflammation. Conversely, training preserve restore function, enhancing peripheral Exercise stimulate β-cell proliferation increased circulating of growth factors, further emphasizing its role maintaining pancreatic health glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute elevated stress ceramide production, impairing signaling induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, promotes thereby improving sensitivity efficiency. Encouraging individuals adopt active engage regular crucial preventing managing disorders, ultimately promoting overall well-being.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
The relationship between fat distribution and diabetes in US adults by race/ethnicity DOI Creative Commons
Furong Xu, Jacob E. Earp,

Deborah Riebe

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Introduction This study examined the relationship between fat distribution and diabetes by sex-specific racial/ethnic groups. Methods A secondary data analysis of National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 ( n = 11,972) was completed. Key variables were visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), subcutaneous (SFA), prevalence, race/ethnicity. The association VATA SFA prevalence separately simultaneously using multiple logistic regression. Bonferroni corrections applied to all comparisons All analyses adjusted for demographics muscle mass. Results positively associated with in both sexes p < 0.001) across groups 0.05) except Black females. No statistically significant relationships observed while accounting exception White females 0.032). When comparing groups, stronger Hispanic than 0.005) did not differ any Conclusion found that is almost independent whereas only diabetes, VATA, findings indicated more strongly subcutaneous. Additionally, there are health disparities thus further warranted.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
The interaction between triglyceride-glucose index and visceral adiposity in cardiovascular disease risk: findings from a nationwide Chinese cohort DOI Creative Commons

Yuhao Yang,

Shengxi Li, Qiao Ren

et al.

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes the primary cause of death, with insulin resistance (IR), measured by triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and visceral obesity, reflected Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI), as key contributors. However, relationship between TyG index CVAI regarding CVD risk remains insufficiently understood. This research investigates interactive impact on disease. We analyzed data from 8,358 participants China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) over a 9-year follow-up period. Participants were classified into four groups based median (8.59) values (101.26), baseline characteristics summarized. Missing addressed using multiple imputation chained equations (MICE). Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations CVAI, CVD, coronary heart (CHD), stroke risks, Kaplan-Meier analysis used for cumulative hazard. Interaction effects evaluated both multiplicative additive measures. Subgroup analyses age, gender, clinical conditions conducted to explore interaction across different populations. Sensitivity re-tested models, excluding covariates BMI diabetes, tertiles classification, re-evaluating imputed data. Over follow-up, 1,240 (14.8%) developed including 896 cases CHD 475 strokes. curves indicated that low but high had highest hazard CVD. regression showed this group (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.57–2.24), followed those 1.75, 1.49–2.06). revealed negative effect no significant stroke. sensitivity further confirmed these findings, showing consistent results demographic under various analytical conditions. study suggests IR (TyG index) fat accumulation (CVAI) plays complex role in risk, potential antagonistic observed events. These findings highlight importance considering adiposity assessments improve identification high-risk individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

11