Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved occurrence progression various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that exert different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which regulated via signal transduction Janus kinase–signal transducer activator transcription, Wnt Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over past few decades, molecular mechanisms signaling pathways have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview basic physiology expound regulatory within them. We also address crucial role pathogenesis including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious cancer, with a focus advances macrophage‐targeted strategies exploring modulation components regulators pathways. Last, discuss challenges possible solutions therapy clinical applications. hope this comprehensive review will directions further research targeting macrophage are promising to improve efficacy

Language: Английский

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Factors Influencing the Intention and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines on the African Continent: A Scoping Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 873 - 873

Published: April 20, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe concern worldwide, particularly in Africa. Vaccines are crucial the fight against pandemic. This scoping review examined existing literature from 2020 to 2022 on individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers facilitators vaccination within Africa facilitate more informed health promotion interventions improve vaccine uptake. was conducted using Arksey O’Malley’s five-stage methodological framework. A comprehensive search undertaken 2021 six electronic databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, WorldCat Discovery, Google Scholar. Data collected, charted into themes, summarized standard data extraction sheet Microsoft Excel. total forty (n = 40) published academic articles were reviewed, with many Nigeria 10), followed by Ethiopia 5) Ghana 4) rest elsewhere Thematic narratives used report themes: attitudes perceptions about vaccines, intention uptake vaccines; factors associated uptake; socio-demographic determinants affecting information sources for vaccines. ranged 25% 80.9%, resulting suboptimal rate (54.2%) African continent. Factors that promoted acceptance included confidence vaccines desire protect people. Age, education, gender most common significantly acceptance. Most studies revealed considerable exist Concerns potential side effects, ineffectiveness, perceived lack information, inaccessibility among unwillingness receive strongly correlated being female. Mass social media main regarding To encourage uptake, governments should pay attention refuting misinformation through integrated community-based approaches, such as creating messages convey than just information.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Control Bacterial-Biofilm-Associated Lung Infections

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2582 - 2582

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Airway mucus dysfunction and impaired immunological defenses are hallmarks of several lung diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary mostly causative factors in bacterial-biofilm-associated respiratory tract infections. Bacteria residing within the biofilm architecture pose a complex challenge clinical settings due to their increased tolerance currently available antibiotics host immune responses, resulting infections with high recalcitrance rates morbidity mortality. To address these unmet needs, potential anti-biofilm therapeutic strategies being developed effectively control bacterial biofilm. This review focuses on recent advances development application nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for treatment biofilm-associated infections, especially addressing barriers concern accessibility various types nanoparticles used combat biofilms. Understanding obstacles facing biofilms nanoparticle-based approaches combatting may encourage researchers explore promising modalities

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and the Concept of Thrombo-Inflammation: Review of the Relationship between Immune Response, Endothelium and Coagulation

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(23), P. 7245 - 7245

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has revealed a complex interplay between inflammation and coagulation, leading to emergence of concept thrombo-inflammation. This recognizes that COVID-19 is not solely respiratory illness, but systemic disease with significant vascular hematological components. associated an unusual prothrombotic state, intense endothelial activation vasculopathy, cytokine storm, complement system hypercoagulability state (the platelets coagulation cascade, impaired fibrinolysis). The aim this review discuss different pathological pathways described in lead thromboembolic events. Widespread vaccination post-COVID-19 immunization allows control over severity pandemic. A better understanding pathophysiology can improve management frail patients who are hospitalized intensive care units.

Language: Английский

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Is COVID-19 Infection a Multiorganic Disease? Focus on Extrapulmonary Involvement of SARS-CoV-2

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1397 - 1397

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

First described in December 2019 Wuhan (China), COVID-19 disease rapidly spread worldwide, constituting the biggest pandemic last 100 years. Even if SARS-CoV-2, agent responsible for COVID-19, is mainly associated with pulmonary injury, evidence growing that this virus can affect many organs, including heart and vascular endothelial cells, cause haemostasis, CNS, kidney gastrointestinal tract abnormalities impact course prognosis. In fact, may almost all organs. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 essentially a systemic infection present large number of clinical manifestations, it variable distribution severity, which means potentially life-threatening. The goal comprehensive review paper series to give an overview non-pulmonary involvement special focus on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms presentation.

Language: Английский

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A randomized clinical trial investigating the impact of magnesium supplementation on clinical and biochemical measures in COVID-19 patients

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 23, 2024

Abstract Background This study sought to examine the impact of magnesium supplementation on clinical outcomes and biochemical factors among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods double-blind, randomized trial was conducted at Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, between September 2021 March 2022. Participants aged 18–70 years moderate disease severity were enrolled. Magnesium (300 mg daily) administered intervention group, while control group received a placebo. Clinical outcomes, including need for oxygen therapy, saturation, respiratory rate, fever, hs-CRP TNF-α levels, as well quality life mental health, assessed. Blood samples collected measure variables. Results The main result count individuals requiring therapy. Additional comprised health. Out 64 participants, 60 completed study. results showed that significantly reduced number therapy (9 vs. 14; P < 0.001). Moreover, demonstrated improved saturation compared (4.55 ± 2.35 1.8 1.67; Furthermore, we observed noteworthy enhancement in depression score group. No significant differences hs-CRP, levels ( > 0.05). Conclusion findings suggest may have beneficial effects arterial COVID-19 patients. More investigation is necessary delve into its potential mechanisms long-term patient outcomes. Trial registration registered Iranian Registry Trials (IRCT) under identifier IRCT20210413050957N1. (The date: May 1, 2021).

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger

Immunogenetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 15 - 25

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Association of soluble PD-L1 and NLR combination with 1-Year mortality in patients with COVID-19

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 111600 - 111600

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Understanding the relationship between patient immune characteristics, disease severity, and mortality represents a critical step in fight against COVID-19. Elevated levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are linked to increased severity acute COVID-19 patients. This study aimed investigate association combination sPD-L1 NLR with 1-year Mortality patients

Language: Английский

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Role of CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and miRNA expression profiles on polymorphonuclear mobilization in COVID-19 patients

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Introduction: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are actively recruited during COVID-19 and yet dysfunctions associated with its prognosis. The PMN receptor CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12 known to play a role in the recruitment of PMN. primary objective was evaluate modulation this pathway patients after treatment dexamethasone (DXM). Secondary objectives were miRNA expression profiles. Material Methods We conducted prospective study comparing admitted emergency department from December 2022 April 2023 for SARS-CoV-2 infection control population. studied surface receptor, circulating levels SDF-1 miR levels. Patients treated (DXM) sampled again at H48. Results Forty-four infected 20 controls analyzed. significantly increased decreased by DXM + percentages significantly. on admission risk mechanical ventilation. Levels 15b-5p, 146a-5p, 155-5p 30d-5p patients. miR-hsa-122 found mortality variation need Conclusions Our suggests possible involvement SDF-1/CXCR4 axis physiopathogenesis COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the molecular mechanism of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 through comorbidity network analysis

Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) poses a significant health challenge in the post-pandemic world. However, underlying biological mechanisms PASC remain intricate and elusive. Network-based methods can leverage electronic record data knowledge to investigate impact on uncover mechanisms. This study analyzed territory-wide longitudinal records (from January 1, 2020 August 31, 2022) 50 296 patients healthy non-exposed group 100 592 individuals determine disease progression, provide molecular insights, identify associated biomarkers. We constructed comorbidity network performed disease-protein mapping protein-protein interaction analysis reveal trajectories. Results showed disparities prevalent patterns, with certain patterns exhibiting more pronounced influence by COVID-19. Overlapping proteins elucidate COVID-19's each pattern, essential be identified based their weights. Our findings help clarify COVID-19, discover intervention methods, decode basis associations, while also yielding potential biomarkers corresponding treatments for specific progression patterns.

Language: Английский

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