Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: July 30, 2019

Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug to lower glucose and has a definitive effect on cardiovascular system. The goal of this systematic review meta-analysis assess effects metformin mortality cardiac function among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Relevant studies reported before October 2018 was retrieved from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Web Science. Hazard ratio (HR) calculated evaluate all-cause mortality, incidence events (CV events), figure out level left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), type B natriuretic peptide (BNP) compare average low density lipoprotein (LDL). In were included 40 comprising 1,066,408 patients. CV lowered adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.81, aHR 0.67 0. 83 respectively after CAD given metformin. Subgroup analysis showed that reduced in myocardial infarction (MI) (aHR 0.79) heart failure (HF) 0.84), HF 0.83) II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 0.83), but had no significant MI 0.87) non-T2DM 0.92). superior sulphonylurea 0.81) lowering who don't use medication. CK-MB group than control standard mean difference (SMD) − 0.11). There evidence altered LVEF (MD 2.91), BNP 0.02) LDL 0.08). reduces For without T2DM, reducing events. better sulfonylureas.

Language: Английский

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Gestational diabetes mellitus - A metabolic and reproductive disorder

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 112183 - 112183

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

Maternal health associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has been gaining significant research attention due to its severe risk and adverse effects. GDM is the leading disease in pregnant women. It most common metabolic it can affect up 25% of women during pregnancy. Pregnancy a sensitive period that impacts both their unborn children's long-term health. well-known fact causes mortality worldwide are diabetes mellitus cancer, specifically, at higher developing breast cancer (BC). Women who have equally vulnerable reproductive diseases. Reproductive dysfunctions mainly attributed coexisting polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obesity, hyperinsulinemia, etc. Moreover, India long recognized as world's diabetic capital, widely acknowledged particularly lactating among affected by diabetes. In India, one-third (33%) had history maternal Nevertheless, latest suggests gestational also factor for cardiometabolic diseases mother offspring. Therefore, 21st century, imposes major challenge healthcare professionals. We intend explore role on female function throughout various stages life perspective changing prognosis, prevalence, prevention GDM.

Language: Английский

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Metformin: An Old Drug with New Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 2863 - 2863

Published: Sept. 21, 2018

Metformin is a biguanide drug that has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 60 years. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetic Study (UKPDS) shown metformin improve mortality rates in patients, and recent studies suggest additional effects treating cancer, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metabolic syndrome. also alleviate weight gain associated with antipsychotic medication. recently extensively studied emerging evidence suggests decreases hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation NAFLD prevents tumorigenesis. Interestingly, have reduces visceral fat, suppresses white-adipose-tissue (WAT) extracellular matrix remodeling, inhibits obesity-induced inflammation. However, clinical using NAFLD, syndrome, or prevent hepatocellular carcinoma patients lacking. This review therefore addresses the potential beneficial of on its role protecting against cardiac ischemia⁻reperfusion (I/R) injury, atherosclerosis, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity induced oxidative ER stress pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, as well underlying molecular mechanisms action.

Language: Английский

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Examining the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

In physiological concentrations, reactive oxygen species play a vital role in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. Nevertheless, oxidative stress is implicated the pathogenesis of numerous diseases can inflict damage on diverse types tissues. Thus, understanding factors that mitigate deleterious effects imperative for identifying new therapeutic targets. light absence direct treatment recommendations reducing stress, there continuing need fundamental research utilizes innovative approaches. Metformin, known its multifaceted beneficial properties, acknowledged ability to counteract adverse increased at both molecular cellular levels. this review, we delve into recent insights regarding metformin’s antioxidant attributes, aiming expand clinical applicability. Our review proposes metformin holds promise as potential adjunctive therapy various diseases, given modulation characteristics regulation metabolic pathways. These pathways include lipid metabolism, hormone synthesis, immunological responses, all which may experience dysregulation disease states, contributing stress. Furthermore, our introduces novel metformin-based interventions merit consideration future research. necessity trials involving drug remains imperative, they are essential establishing dosages addressing challenges associated with dose-dependent effects.

Language: Английский

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Metformin: Therapeutic profile in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(S3), P. 3 - 19

Published: May 24, 2024

Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) can claim its origins in the use of Galega officinalis as a plant treatment for symptoms ascribed to diabetes. Since first clinical metformin glucose-lowering agent 1957, this medicine has emerged first-line pharmacological option support lifestyle interventions management type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts through multiple cellular pathways, principally gut, liver and muscle, counter insulin resistance lower blood glucose without weight gain or risk overt hypoglycaemia. Other effects include improvements lipid metabolism, decreased inflammation long-term cardiovascular risk. is conveniently combined with other medications, be prescribed prediabetes reduce progression T2D, used some regions assist glycaemic control pregnancy. Consistent diversity actions, established safety profile cost-effectiveness, being assessed further possible applications. The requires adequate renal function drug elimination, may cause initial gastrointestinal side effects, which moderated by taking meals using an extended-release formulation. Thus, serves valuable therapeutic resource throughout natural history T2D.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of Lipid Disorders in Insulin Resistance: a Brief Review

Current Diabetes Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(12)

Published: Oct. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1865(9), P. 2149 - 2156

Published: April 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Pleiotropic effects of metformin: Shaping the microbiome to manage type 2 diabetes and postpone ageing

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 87 - 98

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts as Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Since its appearance, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causal agent of Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a global problem for human health that involves host lipid homeostasis. Regarding, rafts are functional membrane microdomains with highly and tightly packed molecules. These regions enriched in sphingolipids cholesterol recruit concentrate several receptors molecules involved pathogen recognition cellular signaling. Cholesterol-rich have multiple functions viral replication; however, their role SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. In this review, we discussed novel evidence on cholesterol-rich as platform entry, where such angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), Toll-like (TLRs), transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS), CD-147 HDL-scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) recruited interaction spike protein. FDA-approved drugs statins, metformin, hydroxychloroquine, cyclodextrins (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) can disrupt to regulate key immune signaling pathways triggered by infection. Taken together, better knowledge SARS-CoV-2-host interactions will provide valuable insights into pathogenesis identification therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha: An Under-Appreciated Potential Target for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 1645 - 1645

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) is an orphan nuclear (NR) that significantly influences cellular metabolism. ESRRA predominantly expressed in metabolically-active tissues and regulates the transcription of metabolic genes, including those involved mitochondrial turnover autophagy. Although activity well-characterized several types cancer, recent reports suggest it also has important role diseases. This minireview focuses on regulation metabolism function by its potential as a target for treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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