Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1066 - 1066

Published: April 12, 2020

Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), also linked wide spectrum of pathological conditions, such non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cognitive impairment, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney (CKD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), some endocrine tumors, including breast cancer. In obesity, the unbalanced production pro- anti-inflammatory adipocytokines can lead development IR its related metabolic complications, which are potentially reversible through weight-loss programs. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high consumption extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, red wine, vegetables other polyphenol-rich elements, has proved be associated with greater improvement obese individuals, when compared nutritional interventions. Also, recent studies either experimental animal models or humans, have shown encouraging results for insulin-sensitizing supplements derived from MedDiet food sources modulation pathognomonic traits certain IR-related polyunsaturated acids seeds, anthocyanins purple fruits, resveratrol grapes, EVOO-derived, oleacein. Although pharmacological properties clinical uses these functional nutrients still under investigation, molecular mechanism(s) underlying benefits appear compound-specific and, cases, point role gene expression involvement nuclear high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 1519 - 1545

Published: July 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms linking hypertriglyceridemia to acute pancreatitis

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 237(3)

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disorder, defined when serum or plasma triglyceride concentration (seTG) >1.7 mM. HTG can be categorized as mild to very severe groups based on the seTG value. The risk of acute pancreatitis (AP), serious disease with high mortality and without specific therapy, increases degree HTG. Furthermore, even moderate aggravates AP initiated by other important etiological factors, including alcohol bile stone. This review briefly summarizes pathophysiology HTG, epidemiology HTG‐induced clinically observed effects outcomes AP. Our main focus discuss pathophysiological mechanisms linking accompanied an increased fatty acid (FA) concentration, experimental results have demonstrated that these FAs most prominent role in causing consequences during inhibit mitochondrial complexes pancreatic acinar cells, induce pathological elevation intracellular Ca 2+ cytokine release tissue injury, reduce function ducts. FA concentrations respiratory, kidney, cardiovascular failure All may contribute severity frequent organ patients. Importantly, suggest reduction production lipase inhibitors open up new therapeutic options Overall, investigating presence determining possible treatments are needed.

Language: Английский

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The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 2, 2023

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids metabolism significant metabolic modulators T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role health host contributes significantly involving or improved At this point, dietary may affect physiology via interaction with microbiota. increasing literature lipidomics novel parameters detected holistic analytical techniques have roles pathogenesis progression T2DM, through various mechanisms action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding some nutrients interactions will help develop new strategies for prevention treatment T2DM. However, issue has not yet been entirely discussed literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on nutritional considering lipids- given.

Language: Английский

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Triglyceride glucose-body mass index and the risk of diabetes: a general population-based cohort study

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Abstract Background Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been proven to be a reliable substitute for insulin resistance. However, whether causal association exists between TyG-BMI and new-onset diabetes remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was investigate the predictive performance diabetes. Methods A total 116,661 subjects who underwent physical examination were included in study. divided into five equal points according quintile TyG-BMI, outcome interest occurrence diabetic events. = ln [fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) × fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)/2] BMI. Results During average follow-up period 3.1 (0.95) years, 1888 men (1.61 %) 793 women (0.68 newly diagnosed with Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that an independent predictor (HR 1.50 per SD increase, 95 %CI: 1.40 1.60, P -trend < 0.00001), best cutoff value predicting 213.2966 (area under curve 0.7741, sensitivity 72.51 %, specificity 69.54 %). Additionally, results subgroup suggested risk TyG-BMI-related young middle-aged people significantly higher than elderly people, non-obese overweight obese ( interaction 0.05). Conclusions This cohort Chinese population shows after excluding other confounding factors, there is diabetes, more obvious young, people.

Language: Английский

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The Lipid Profiles in Different Characteristics of Women with PCOS and the Interaction Between Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Disorder States: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Population

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 4, 2022

To exhibit the lipid profiles in PCOS women with different characteristics and to access correlations between alternation of key parameters PCOS.

Language: Английский

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HOMA-IR as a predictor of Health Outcomes in Patients with Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 547 - 564

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Association of Surrogates of Insulin Resistance with Hyperuricemia among Middle-Aged and Older Individuals: A Population-Based Nationwide Cohort Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3139 - 3139

Published: July 14, 2023

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride-to-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and TyG with body mass index (TyG-BMI) have been proposed as indicators of (IR). This study aimed to explore the association between these IR surrogates their longitudinal variation development hyperuricemia in a middle-aged older Chinese population. Data from China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was used identify 5269 participants aged ≥45 years. Logistic regression assess effect variations on risk hyperuricemia. After four years follow-up, 517 (9.81%) developed incident Increased baseline values TyG, TG/HDL, METS-IR, TyG-BMI were all significantly associated higher risks Compared individuals maintained low levels surrogates, those low-to-high high patterns had These comparable predictive ability provides evidence associations Early intervention among elderly may effectively reduce burden

Language: Английский

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Mets-IR as a predictor of cardiovascular events in the middle-aged and elderly population and mediator role of blood lipids

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 17, 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern, with significant impact on morbidity and mortality rates. Using fasting glucose, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the metabolic score of insulin resistance (Mets-IR), novel created by Mexican researchers to assess sensitivity, more precise way measure sensitivity. This study aimes explore association between Mets-IR CVD, as well investigate potential mediating role low-density (LDL-C).The study's data came from 2011 2018 China Health Retirement Longitudinal Studies (CHARLS). We used three logistic regression models account for effects ten factors cardiovascular disease/stroke/heart disease. Moreover, performed mediation analyses evaluate LDL-C in incident CVD.This comprised 4,540 participants, whom 494 (10.88%) were found develop (CVD). Each interquartile range (IQR) increased raised risk developing CVD 38% (OR=1.38; 95% CI, 1.21-1.56) there was linear dose-response relationship new-onset disease, stroke, heart (Poverall<0.05, Pnon-linear>0.05). Approximately 5% (indirect effect/total effect) stroke mediated LDL-C, respectively. With addition base model, continuous net reclassification improvement integrated discrimination predicting 0.175 (P <0.001) 0.006 <0.001), respectively.ets-IR associated an disease/stroke/cardiac issues, these relationships. Improving sensitivity lipid regulation may be essential effective preventive measures events.

Language: Английский

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Association of triglyceride glucose index and triglyceride glucose-body mass index with sudden cardiac arrest in the general population

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 18, 2024

Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and triglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) are recognised as convenient proxies for IR. However, their relationship with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains unclear. Methods This prospective cohort analysis included 355,242 UK Biobank participants available TyG TyG-BMI data no history of CVD. Cox proportional risk models assessed the association between index, SCA risk. Additionally, Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) were employed investigate timing onset. The impact dynamic increases in levels on was examined using restricted cubic spline. Results Over a median follow-up period 165.4 months (interquartile range 156.5–174 months), 1,622 cases recorded. Multivariate regression revealed 9% increase per standard deviation (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.15) an 14% (aHR 1.14, CI 1.09–1.2). AFT indicated earlier times occurrence increasing quintiles compared lowest quintile (P trend < 0.05). linearly 0.54) non-linearly 0.007) correlated gradual levels, respectively. Sex-stratified analyses showed stronger associations women. Conclusions Higher associated increased onset, particularly

Language: Английский

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