Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Language: Английский

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Liver organoids: updates on generation strategies and biomedical applications

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The liver is the most important metabolic organ in body. While mouse models and cell lines have further deepened our understanding of biology related diseases, they are flawed replicating key aspects human tissue, particularly its complex structure functions. organoid model represents a major breakthrough that revolutionized biomedical research. Organoids vitro three-dimensional (3D) physiological structures recapitulate morphological functional characteristics tissues vivo, significant advantages over traditional culture methods. In this review, we discuss generation strategies current advances field focusing on their application regenerative medicine, drug discovery modeling diseases.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the gut-liver axis: mechanisms and emerging therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 19, 2025

The gut-liver axis is a multifaceted system where chemical and biological interactions between gut microbiota-derived metabolites the liver significantly influence development progression of hepatocellular carcinoma Metabolites such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty (SCFAs) act mediators that modulate tumor microenvironment through immune cell stromal activation, influencing growth metastasis. Changes in microbiota composition alter these signaling pathways, providing opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Strategies prebiotics, probiotics, natural product-based small molecules have shown promise modulating axis. Advanced multi-omics, bioinformatics tools, coupled with vitro models like organoids, unveiled intricate molecular interactions, offering insights into novel targets. Future research should focus on delineating pharmacological immunological mechanisms within axis, developing personalized strategies, translating findings clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Ex Vivo Tools and Models in MASLD Research

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(22), P. 1827 - 1827

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) presents a growing global health challenge with limited therapeutic choices. This review delves into the array of ex vivo tools and models utilized in MASLD research, encompassing liver-on-a-chip (LoC) systems, organoid-derived tissue-like structures, human precision-cut slice (PCLS) systems. Given urgent need to comprehend pathophysiology identify novel targets, this paper aims shed light on pivotal role advanced enhancing understanding facilitating development potential therapies. Despite challenges posed by elusive mechanism, these innovative methodologies offer promise reducing utilization for research while accelerating drug discovery biomarker identification, thereby addressing critical unmet clinical needs.

Language: Английский

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Advancing healthcare through laboratory on a chip technology: Transforming microorganism identification and diagnostics

World Journal of Clinical Cases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases, emphasized crucial role rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment outcomes. Laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has emerged as transformative tool health care, offering rapid, sensitive, specific identification microorganisms. This editorial provides comprehensive overview LOC technology, highlighting its principles, advantages, applications, challenges, future directions. Success studies from field have demonstrated practical benefits devices clinical diagnostics, epidemiology, food safety. Comparative underscored superiority over traditional methods, showcasing improvements speed, accuracy, portability. The integration with biosensors, artificial intelligence, data analytics promises further innovation expansion. call action emphasizes importance continued research, investment, adoption realize full potential improving healthcare outcomes worldwide.

Language: Английский

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