Circular RNAs in Cancer: Biogenesis, Function, and Clinical Significance

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 319 - 336

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Exosomal circRNAs: biogenesis, effect and application in human diseases

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: July 5, 2019

Exosomes have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, by regulating a diverse range biological processes between cells. Circular RNA (circRNA) is novel member endogenous noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution cellular functions. Recently, circular been identified for their enrichment stability in exosomes. In this review, we outline the origin, biogenesis function exosomal circRNAs well roles various diseases. Although precise mechanisms gene regulation remain largely elusive, potential applications disease biomarkers therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Cancer cell-derived exosomal circUHRF1 induces natural killer cell exhaustion and may cause resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 27, 2020

Abstract Objective Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate antitumor immune response. Recently, NK cell dysfunction has been verified various malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, molecular biological mechanisms of human HCC are still obscure. Methods The expression circular ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain 1 RNA (circUHRF1) tissues, exosomes, lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were isolated from culture medium plasma patients using an ultracentrifugation method ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution kit then characterized transmission electronic microscopy, NanoSight western blotting. circUHRF1 assessed ELISA. In vivo circRNA precipitation, immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays performed to explore cells. retrospective study, clinical characteristics prognostic significance determined tissues. Results Here, we report that is higher tissues than matched adjacent nontumor Increased levels indicate poor prognosis HCC. patient plasma, predominantly secreted exosomal manner, inhibits cell-derived IFN-γ TNF-α secretion. A high level associated decreased proportion tumor infiltration. Moreover, function upregulating TIM-3 via degradation miR-449c-5p. Finally, show may drive resistance anti-PD1 immunotherapy patients. Conclusions Exosomal contributes immunosuppression inducing CircUHRF1 immunotherapy, providing potential therapeutic strategy for

Language: Английский

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miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2628 - 2647

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated human diseases including cancer.A variety miRNAs could take the cancer progression, participate process tumor immune, function with miRNA sponges.During last two decades, connection between various cancers has been widely researched.Based on evidence miRNA, numerous potential biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis have put forward, providing a new perspective screening.Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different being conducted, advanced treatments such as combination synergistic strategies use complementary provide significant clinical benefits to patients potentially.Furthermore, it demonstrated that many engaged resistance complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians improve patient prognosis.With belief studies would great implications, we attempt summarize current situation development prospects this review.

Language: Английский

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CircRNAs in cancer metabolism: a review

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2019

Altered energy metabolism is a hallmark of tumors aiming at supplying necessary nutrients for tumorigenesis and development. These redirected metabolic pathways associated with carbohydrate, lipid amino acid are orchestrated not only by carcinogenic proteins but non-coding RNAs. Among them, circular RNA (circRNA), as kind novel identified RNAs, has become the focus attention. Through binding corresponding microRNAs or directly contacting proteins, circRNA plays primarily important role in regulating cellular metabolism. Herein, we analyze emerging findings select circRNAs contributing to mutant glycolysis, lipogenesis lipolysis, glutam inolysis, oxidative respiration deepen understanding about cancer regulatory network. In addition, also discuss possibility exerting their functions via exosomes stem cells. Owing unique structures wide impacts, may help reap huge fruits developing clinical treatments targeting

Language: Английский

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Review on circular RNAs and new insights into their roles in cancer

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 910 - 928

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a very interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exonic or intronic sequences by precursor mRNA back-splicing. Unlike canonical linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalently closed, continuous stable loops without 5′end cap and 3′end poly(A) tail, therefore resistant to exonuclease digestion. The majority highly abundant, across different species with tissue developmental-stage-specific expression. have been shown play important roles as microRNA sponges, regulators gene splicing transcription, RNA-binding protein sponges protein/peptide translators. Emerging evidence reveals that function in various human diseases, particularly cancers, may better predictive biomarkers therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In consideration their potential clinical relevance, become new research hotspot the field tumor pathology. present study, current understanding biogenesis, characteristics, databases, methods, biological functions subcellular distribution, epigenetic regulation, extracellular transport degradation was discussed. particular, multiple databases methods involved circRNA were first summarized, recent advances determining growth, migration invasion, which render biomarkers, described. Furthermore, future perspectives application management patients proposed, could provide insights into future.

Language: Английский

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The powerful world of antisense oligonucleotides: From bench to bedside

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(5)

Published: March 31, 2020

Abstract Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) represent a new and highly promising class of drugs for personalized medicine. In the last decade, major chemical developments improvements backbone structure ASOs have transformed them into true approved commercialized drugs. target both DNA RNA, including pre‐mRNA, mRNA, ncRDA, based on sequence complementary. They are designed to be specific each identified molecular genetic alteration restore normal, physiological situation. Thus, characterization underpinning mechanisms alterations that sustain pathology is critical accurate ASO‐design. can used cure rare common diseases, such as orphan cancer. Through pioneering examples, this review shows versatility action provide with potential capacity achieve custom treatment, revolutionizing This article categorized under: RNA in Disease Development > Interactions Proteins Other Molecules Small Molecule–RNA

Language: Английский

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Circular RNA circ-RanGAP1 regulates VEGFA expression by targeting miR-877–3p to facilitate gastric cancer invasion and metastasis

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 471, P. 38 - 48

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs: A Novel Class of Functional RNA Molecules with a Therapeutic Perspective

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1350 - 1363

Published: July 10, 2019

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding that lack free 3' and 5' ends and, thus, exist as continuous loop RNAs. Such circular transcripts have been identified for thousands genes, regulated in developmental stages pathophysiological conditions, often expressed tissue- or cell-type-specific manner. For long time, were considered aberrant splicing by-products. However, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing focused molecular characterization individual circRNAs uncovered their ubiquity. Evidence emerges suggesting functional molecules. In this review, we illustrate the current knowledge circRNA formation detection methods. We summarize different mechanisms action highlight with specific roles cardiovascular disease. Finally, describe number tools manipulation, which may be exploited circRNA-based therapeutic interventions future.

Language: Английский

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Exosome biogenesis, secretion and function of exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle myogenesis

Cell Proliferation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(7)

Published: June 24, 2020

Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that produced in the endosomal compartment of most mammalian cell types and then released. effective carriers for intercellular material transfer can influence a series physiological pathological processes recipient cells. Among loaded cargoes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) vary exosome-producing its homeostatic state, characterization biogenesis secretion exosomal ncRNAs functions these skeletal muscle myogenesis remain preliminary. In this review, we will describe what is currently known exosome biogenesis, release uptake ncRNAs, as well varied miRNAs myogenesis.

Language: Английский

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