MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(10)
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
Liver
cirrhosis
is
the
end-stage
of
chronic
liver
disease,
characterized
by
inflammation,
necrosis,
advanced
fibrosis,
and
regenerative
nodule
formation.
Long-term
inflammation
can
cause
continuous
damage
to
tissues
hepatocytes,
along
with
increased
vascular
tone
portal
hypertension.
Among
them,
fibrosis
necessary
stage
essential
feature
cirrhosis,
effective
antifibrosis
strategies
are
commonly
considered
key
treating
cirrhosis.
Although
different
therapeutic
aimed
at
reversing
or
preventing
have
been
developed,
effects
not
be
more
satisfactory.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
abnormal
changes
in
microenvironment
that
contribute
progression
highlighted
importance
recent
strategies,
including
lifestyle
improvement,
small
molecular
agents,
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
stem
cells,
extracellular
vesicles,
gut
remediation,
regulate
Meanwhile,
for
nanoparticles
discussed,
as
their
possible
underlying
broad
application
prospects
ameliorating
Finally,
also
reviewed
major
challenges
opportunities
nanomedicine‒biological
environment
interactions.
We
hope
review
will
provide
insights
into
pathogenesis
mechanisms
thus
facilitating
new
methods,
drug
discovery,
better
treatment
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 3475 - 3495
Published: April 1, 2024
Purpose:
Human
umbilical
cord
mesenchymal
stem
cell
(hucMSC)-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
are
natural
nanocarriers
with
promising
potential
in
treating
liver
fibrosis
and
have
widespread
applications
the
fields
of
nanomedicine
regenerative
medicine.
However,
therapeutic
efficacy
hucMSC-sEVs
is
currently
limited
owing
to
their
non-specific
distribution
vivo
partial
removal
by
mononuclear
macrophages
following
systemic
delivery.
Thus,
can
be
improved
through
development
engineered
capable
overcome
these
limitations.
Patients
Methods:
To
improve
anti-liver
hucMSC-sEVs,
we
genetically
overexpress
anti-fibrotic
gene
bone
morphogenic
protein
7
(
BMP7
)
parental
cells.
This
was
achieved
using
lentiviral
transfection,
which
BMP7-loaded
were
isolated
ultracentrifugation.
First,
induced
C57BL/6J
mice
intraperitoneal
injection
50%
carbon
tetrachloride
(CCL4)
twice
a
week
for
8
weeks.
These
subsequently
treated
BMP7+sEVs
via
tail
vein
injection,
effect
validated
animal
imaging,
immunohistochemistry
(IHC),
tissue
immunofluorescence,
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA).
Finally,
function
studies
performed
confirm
results.
Results:
Liver
imaging
histopathology
confirmed
that
could
reach
aggregate
around
activated
hepatic
stellate
cells
(aHSCs)
significantly
stronger
compared
those
blank
or
negative
control-transfected
hucMSC-sEVs.
In
vitro,
promoted
phenotypic
reversal
aHSCs
inhibited
proliferation
enhance
effects.
Conclusion:
offer
novel
strategy
clinical
treatment
fibrosis.
Keywords:
hucMSCs,
sEVs,
aHSCs,
nanocarrier,
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 1501 - 1511
Published: May 30, 2024
Abstract
The
placenta
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
normal
pregnancy.
failure
of
spiral
artery
remodeling
(SAR)
is
key
factor
leading
to
placental
ischemia
and
poor
perfusion
which
strongly
associated
with
obstetric
diseases,
including
preeclampsia
(PE)
fetal
growth
restriction
(FGR).
Existing
interventions
for
PE
FGR
are
limited
termination
pregnancy
inevitable
when
the
maternal
or
fetus
condition
deteriorates.
Considering
safety
mother
fetus,
treatments
that
may
penetrate
barrier
harm
not
accepted.
Developing
targeted
treatment
strategies
these
conditions
urgent
necessary.
With
proven
efficacy
therapy
treating
such
as
endometrial
cancer
trophoblastic
tumors,
research
on
dysfunction
continues
deepen.
This
article
reviews
studies
placenta-targeted
drug
delivery
strategies,
summarizes
characteristics
proposes
corresponding
improvement
measures
treatment,
provides
solutions
existing
problems,
makes
suggestions
future
studies.
Graphical
abstract
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(46)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
The
use
of
cellular
nanovesicles
(CNVs)
is
a
groundbreaking
innovation
in
biomedical
applications.
Both
natural
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
and
artificial
cell
membrane
(AVs)
have
emerged
as
innovative
CNVs,
but
they
limitations
therapeutic
effects
targeting
abilities.
Challenges
such
stability,
immunogenicity,
drug
payload
capacity
hinder
their
widespread
application.
Genetic
engineering
has
matured
widely
employed
modification
strategy,
leading
to
the
development
genetically
engineered
(gEVs)
(gAVs).
This
review
meticulously
examines
diverse
types
inherent
characteristics
alongside
various
surface
strategies
for
with
specific
focus
on
elucidating
attributes
detailing
preparation
methods
relevant
gEVs
gAVs.
Furthermore,
this
exploration
delves
into
expansive
landscape
applications,
developmental
prospects,
current
challenges
associated
utilization
With
comprehensive
approach,
primary
objective
provide
insights
that
not
only
illuminate
nuanced
intricacies
these
also
pave
way
seamless
integration
clinical
research
eventual
translation
practical
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(10)
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
Liver
cirrhosis
is
the
end-stage
of
chronic
liver
disease,
characterized
by
inflammation,
necrosis,
advanced
fibrosis,
and
regenerative
nodule
formation.
Long-term
inflammation
can
cause
continuous
damage
to
tissues
hepatocytes,
along
with
increased
vascular
tone
portal
hypertension.
Among
them,
fibrosis
necessary
stage
essential
feature
cirrhosis,
effective
antifibrosis
strategies
are
commonly
considered
key
treating
cirrhosis.
Although
different
therapeutic
aimed
at
reversing
or
preventing
have
been
developed,
effects
not
be
more
satisfactory.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
abnormal
changes
in
microenvironment
that
contribute
progression
highlighted
importance
recent
strategies,
including
lifestyle
improvement,
small
molecular
agents,
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
stem
cells,
extracellular
vesicles,
gut
remediation,
regulate
Meanwhile,
for
nanoparticles
discussed,
as
their
possible
underlying
broad
application
prospects
ameliorating
Finally,
also
reviewed
major
challenges
opportunities
nanomedicine‒biological
environment
interactions.
We
hope
review
will
provide
insights
into
pathogenesis
mechanisms
thus
facilitating
new
methods,
drug
discovery,
better
treatment
