The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 473 - 493

Published: Oct. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 13, 2019

The human gut microbiome is a critical component of digestion, breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and to lesser extent fats that reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. This process results in multitude microbial metabolites can act both locally systemically (after being absorbed into bloodstream). impact these biochemicals on health complex, as potentially beneficial toxic be yielded from such pathways, some cases, effects are dependent upon metabolite concentration or organ locality. aim this review summarize our current knowledge how macronutrient metabolism by influences health. Metabolites discussed include short-chain fatty acids alcohols (mainly monosaccharides); ammonia, branched-chain acids, amines, sulfur compounds, phenols, indoles (derived amino acids); glycerol choline derivatives (obtained breakdown lipids); tertiary cycling carbon dioxide hydrogen. Key taxa related disease states will referred each case, gaps could contribute understanding overall wellness identified.

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 113(12), P. 2019 - 2040

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: July 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to well-being host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in or other locations body. Among dominant bacteria are several species

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-Brain-Gut Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(12)

Published: Oct. 17, 2017

Language: Английский

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American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 245 - 271

Published: June 9, 2020

Abstract The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, community strategies and, ultimately, affect dietary physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, reflects most current scientific evidence related risk. ACS focuses on recommendations individual choices regarding diet patterns, but those occur within context that either facilitates or creates barriers healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents action accompany 4 reduce These recognize supportive social environment indispensable if individuals at all levels society are have genuine opportunities choose 2020 consistent with guidelines from Heart Association Diabetes prevention coronary heart disease diabetes well general health promotion, defined 2015 Dietary Guidelines Americans 2018

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and Covid-19- possible link and implications

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 198018 - 198018

Published: May 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 77 - 91

Published: June 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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