The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1474 - 1474

Published: May 19, 2020

The gut microbiota is emerging as a promising target for the management or prevention of inflammatory and metabolic disorders in humans. Many current research efforts are focused on identification specific microbial signatures, more particularly those associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have described that obese animals humans exhibits higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared normal-weight individuals, proposing this an eventual biomarker. Accordingly, frequently cited scientific literature hallmark obesity. aim present review was to discuss validity potential marker, based great amount contradictory results reported literature. Such discrepancies might be explained by existence interpretative bias generated methodological differences sample processing DNA sequence analysis, generally poor characterization recruited subjects and, particularly, lack consideration lifestyle-associated factors known affect composition and/or diversity. For these reasons, it currently difficult associate determined health status specifically consider

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 113(12), P. 2019 - 2040

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, LPS Translocation, and Disease Development

Journal of the Endocrine Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

The intestinal barrier is complex and consists of multiple layers, it provides a physical functional to the transport luminal contents systemic circulation. While epithelial cell layer outer/inner mucin constitute are often referred as barrier, alkaline phosphatase (IAP) produced by cells antibacterial proteins secreted Panneth represent barrier. play an important role in host defense against gut microbes, IAP detoxifies bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) catalyzing dephosphorylation active/toxic Lipid A moiety, preventing local inflammation well translocation active LPS into causal relationship between circulating levels development diseases underscores importance detailed examination changes "layers" associated with disease how this dysfunction can be attenuated targeted interventions. To develop therapies for improving function, imperative have deeper understanding itself, mechanisms underlying due (eg, high levels), assessment function under diseased conditions, individual layers beneficially modulated potentially attenuate diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge composition its modulation potential dysfunction-associated

Language: Английский

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Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Obesity is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; it significant public health problem. The most common cause of obesity throughout childhood adolescence an inequity in energy balance; is, excess caloric intake without appropriate expenditure. Adiposity rebound (AR) early risk factor for adulthood. increasing prevalence adolescent associated with rise comorbidities previously identified the adult population, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Dyslipidemia. Due to lack single treatment option address obesity, clinicians have generally relied on counseling dietary changes exercise. psychosocial issues may accompany regarding body habitus, this approach can negative results. Teens develop unhealthy eating habits result Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge- Eating Disorder (BED), or Night syndrome (NES). Others Anorexia (AN) they attempt restrict their diet overshoot goal “being healthy.” To date, lifestyle interventions shown only modest effects weight loss. Emerging findings from basic science well interventional drug trials utilizing GLP-1 agonists demonstrated success effective loss obese adults, adolescents, pediatric patients. However, there limited data efficacy safety other weight-loss medications children adolescents. Nearly 6% adolescents United States are severely bariatric surgery consideration will be discussed. In summary, paper overview pathophysiology, clinical, psychological implications, options available

Language: Английский

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Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Translational research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 57 - 69

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since 1918 flu. consequences of disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent current major public health issue across globe. At onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks system as it represents main point entry in host, but also can affect multiple organs. Although most patients do not present symptoms or mildly symptomatic, some people infected with that experience more multiorgan dysfunction. severity COVID-19 is typically combined a set comorbidities such hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age seriously exacerbates infection. Also, cause gastrointestinal symptoms, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain during early phases disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes intestinal microbes, an increase inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing precede problems may be necessary for improved detection treatment. Uncovering composition microbiota its metabolic products context help determine novel biomarkers identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating to microbiome reliable overlooked piece puzzle requires further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 346 - 346

Published: April 23, 2020

Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet its bioactive components have recognized among modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying putative beneficial effects toward brain different dietary such as micro- macronutrient intake habits, feeding time circadian rhythm. The role hormonal homeostasis context glucose metabolism adiponectin regulation impact on systemic neuro-inflammation also considered deepened. In addition, effect individual molecules exerting antioxidant activities acting anti-inflammatory agents, omega-3 fatty acids polyphenols, for central nervous system via modulation adult neurogenesis, synaptic neuronal plasticity, microglia activation summarized. An overview gut–brain axis inflammation oxidative stress provided. Finally, association with

Language: Английский

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Association of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes With Gut Microbial Diversity

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. e2118811 - e2118811

Published: July 29, 2021

Importance

Previous studies have indicated that gut microbiome may be associated with development of type 2 diabetes. However, these are limited by small sample size and insufficient for confounding. Furthermore, which specific taxa play a role in the diabetes remains unclear.

Objective

To examine associations composition insulin resistance large population-based setting controlling various sociodemographic lifestyle factors.

Design, Setting, Participants

This cross-sectional analysis included 2166 participants from Dutch prospective cohorts: Rotterdam Study LifeLines-DEEP study.

Exposures

The 16S ribosomal RNA method was used to measure stool samples collected between January 1, 2012, December 31, 2013. α diversity (Shannon, richness, Inverse Simpson indexes), β (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix), (from domain genus level) were identified reflect composition.

Main Outcomes Measures

Associations among diversity, Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) examined. Glucose measured calculate HOMA-IR. Type cases based on glucose levels medical records 2012 Analyses adjusted technical covariates, lifestyle, sociodemographic, Data performed 2018, 2020.

Results

There this study: 1418 (mean [SD] age, 62.4 [5.9] years; 815 [57.5%] male) 748 study 44.7 [13.4] 431 [57.6%] male); total, 193 identified. Lower Shannon index richness higher HOMA-IR (eg, index, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.10 −0.02), patients had lower than without (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 0.88-0.99). matrix) (R² = 0.004,P .001 andR² 0.005,P .002 study). A total 12 groups bacteria or Specifically, abundance Christensenellaceae (β −0.08; −0.12 −0.03:P < .001), R7 group −0.07; −0.03;P .001),Marvinbryantia(β −0.11 Ruminococcaceae UCG005 −0.09; −0.13 −0.05;P UCG008 UCG010 −0.04;P NK4A214 .001) Clostridiaceae 1 (OR, 0.51; 0.41-0.65;P Peptostreptococcaceae 0.56; 0.45-0.70;P .001),C sensu stricto1 0.40-0.65;P .001),Intestinibacter(OR, 0.60; 0.48-0.76;P orRomboutsia(OR, 0.55; 0.44-0.70;P less These all known produce butyrate.

Conclusions Relevance

In study, along more butyrate-producing bacteria, individuals findings could help provide insight into etiology, pathogenesis, treatment

Language: Английский

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The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4144 - 4144

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, concerns human health of planet. diets more environmentally sustainable than meat-based have a reduced environmental impact, producing lower levels greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines normally formulated to enhance society, reduce risk chronic diseases, prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed scientific data on plant-based summarize their preventative therapeutic role cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis. Consuming is safe effective all stages life cycle, from pregnancy lactation, childhood, old age. which high fiber polyphenolics, also associated with diverse gut microbiota, metabolites that anti-inflammatory functions may help manage disease processes. Concerns about adequate intake number nutrients, vitamin B12, calcium, D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fats, discussed. The use fortified foods and/or supplements well appropriate food choices outlined each nutrient. Finally, suggested professionals working clients consuming diets.

Language: Английский

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Gut firmicutes: Relationship with dietary fiber and role in host homeostasis

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(33), P. 12073 - 12088

Published: July 12, 2022

Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant bacterial phyla colonizing healthy human gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fiber plays a crucial role in host health, yet most studies have focused on how affects health through gut Bacteroides. More recently, been found to possess many genes responsible for fermenting fiber, could also interact with intestinal mucosa thereby contribute homeostasis. Consequently, relationship between is of interest, as well health. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanism degradation by explain communication pathway fiber-Firmicutes-host axis, beneficial effects fiber-induced their metabolites A better understanding dialogue sustained fiber-Firmicutes axis provide new insights into probiotic therapy novel interventions aimed at increasing abundance (such Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Roseburia) promote health.Dietary exhibit relevant health-promoting functions.Most great effect Firmicutes.Mechanisms uptake outlined.Mechanisms fiber- Firmicutes-host interactions require more investigation development food production

Language: Английский

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